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ÄÈÇÅËÜÍÎÅ ÒÎÏËÈÂÎ |
| Áîëüøàÿ ñîâåòñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ (ÁÝÑ) |
æèäêîå íåôòÿíîå òîïëèâî, ïðèìåíÿåìîå â äèçåëÿõ (Ñì. Äèçåëü). Âûïóñêàþòñÿ äâå ãðóïïû Ä. ò.: 1) äèñòèëëÿòíûå ìàëîâÿçêèå, ïðèìåíÿåìûå â áûñòðîõîäíûõ ôîðñèðîâàííûõ äâèãàòåëÿõ; 2) âûñîêîâÿçêèå îñòàòî÷íûå, èñïîëüçóåìûå â òèõîõîäíûõ äèçåëÿõ.
Äëÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà äèñòèëëÿòíûõ Ä. ò. èñïîëüçóþò êåðîñèíî-ãàçîéëåâûå ôðàêöèè ïðÿìîé ïåðåãîíêè íåôòè è ÷àñòè÷íî (äî 20%) ãàçîéëè êàòàëèòè÷åñêîãî êðåêèíãà. Òîïëèâà äëÿ òèõîõîäíûõ äèçåëåé âûðàáàòûâàþò èç ñìåñè ìàçóòîâ ñ êåðîñèíî-ãàçîéëåâûìè ôðàêöèÿìè íåôòè.
 òàáë. 1 è 2 ïîêàçàíû îñíîâíûå ñâîéñòâà äèçåëüíûõ òîïëèâ, âûïóñêàåìûõ â ÑÑÑÐ.
Òàáë. 1. — Äèñòèëëÿòíûå òîïëèâà
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| Òîïëèâà | Âÿçêîñòü ïðè | Öåòàíîâîå | Ñîäåðæà-íèå | t çàñò, 0Ñ | t âñï, 0Ñ |
| | 20°Ñ, ññò1 | ÷èñëî | ñåðû, % | | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äëÿ àâòîòðàêòîðíûõ äâèãàòåëåé |
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| Ìàëîñåðíèñòûå: | | | | | |
| àðêòè÷åñêîå ÄÀ | 2,5-4,0 | 40 | 0,2 | -60 | 35 |
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| çèìíåå ÄÇ | 3,5-6,0 | 40 | 0,2 | -45 | 50 |
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| ëåòíåå ÄË | 3,5-8,0 | 45 | 0,2 | -10 | 60 |
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| ñïåöèàëüíîå ÄÑ | 2,5-4,02 | 50 | 0,2 | -15 | 90 |
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| Ñåðíèñòûå: | | | | | |
| àðêòè÷åñêîå À | 1,5-2,5 | 45 | 0,4 | -55 | 30 |
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| çèìíåå Ç | 2,2-3,2 | 45 | 0,6 | -35 | 35 |
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| ëåòíåå Ë | 3,0-6,0 | 45 | 1,0 | -10 | 40 |
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| ñïåöèàëüíîå Ñ | 4,5-8,0 | 50 | 1,0 | -15 | 90 |
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| Äëÿ òåïëîâîçíûõ è ñóäîâûõ äâèãàòåëåé |
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| Çèìíåå ÒÇ | 2,2-5,0 | 45 | 0,5 | -35 | 40 |
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| Ëåòíåå ÒË | 3,5-6,5 | 45 | 0,5 | -10 | 65 |
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11cm = 10-4 ì2/cek.
2 Âÿçêîñòü ïðè 50°C.
Òàáë. 2. — Îñòàòî÷íûå òîïëèâà
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| Òîïëèâà | Âÿçêîñòü ïðè | Êîêñóå-ìîñòü, | Ñîäåðæà-íèå | t çàñò, 0Ñ | t âñï, 0Ñ |
| | 20°Ñ, ññò1 | % | ñåðû, % | | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Òîïëèâî ÄÒ | 36 | 3,0 | 0,5-1,5 | -5 | 65 |
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| Òîïëèâî ÄÌ | 150 | 10,0 | 3,0 | 10 | 85 |
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Ëèò.: Íåôòåïðîäóêòû. Ñïðàâî÷íèê, ïîä ðåä. Á. Â. Ëîñèêîâà, Ì., 1966; Òåõíè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ íà íåôòåïðîäóêòû, Ì., 1969.
Í. Ã. Ïó÷êîâ.
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| Ñîâðåìåííàÿ Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ |
| ÄÈÇÅËÜÍÎÅ ÒÎÏËÈÂÎ, æèäêîå íåôòÿíîå òîïëèâî: â îñíîâíîì êåðîñèíî-ãàçîéëåâûå ôðàêöèè ïðÿìîé ïåðåãîíêè íåôòè (äëÿ áûñòðîõîäíûõ äâèãàòåëåé) è áîëåå òÿæåëûå ôðàêöèè èëè îñòàòî÷íûå íåôòåïðîäóêòû (äëÿ òèõîõîäíûõ äèçåëåé). Ãëàâíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà - öåòàíîâîå ÷èñëî. |
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