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ÃÅÐÁÈÖÈÄÛ |
Áîëüøàÿ ñîâåòñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ (ÁÝÑ) |
(îò ëàò. herba — òðàâà è caedo — óáèâàþ)
õèìè÷åñêèå âåùåñòâà, ïðèìåíÿåìûå äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè. Ïî õàðàêòåðó äåéñòâèÿ íà ðàñòåíèÿ äåëÿòñÿ íà Ã. ñïëîøíîãî äåéñòâèÿ, óáèâàþùèå âñå âèäû ðàñòåíèé, è Ã. èçáèðàòåëüíîãî (ñåëåêòèâíîãî) äåéñòâèÿ, ïîðàæàþùèå îäíè âèäû ðàñòåíèé è íå ïîâðåæäàþùèå äð. Ïåðâûå ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè âîêðóã ïðîìûøëåííûõ îáúåêòîâ, íà ëåñíûõ âûðóáêàõ, àýðîäðîìàõ, æåëåçíûõ è øîññåéíûõ äîðîãàõ, ïîä ëèíèÿìè âûñîêîâîëüòíûõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷, â äðåíàæíûõ êàíàëàõ, ïðóäàõ è îç¸ðàõ; âòîðûå — äëÿ çàùèòû êóëüòóðíûõ ðàñòåíèé îò ñîðíÿêîâ (õèìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîïîëêà). Òàêîå äåëåíèå óñëîâíî, ò.ê. â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ îäíî è òî æå âåùåñòâî â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êîíöåíòðàöèè, íîðì ðàñõîäà è óñëîâèé ïðèìåíåíèÿ ìîæåò ïðîÿâëÿòü ñåáÿ êàê Ã. ñïëîøíîãî èëè èçáèðàòåëüíîãî äåéñòâèÿ. Íàïðèìåð, ìîíóðîí è äèóðîí â äîçàõ 1,2—1,6 êã äåéñòâóþùåãî âåùåñòâà íà 1 ãà óíè÷òîæàþò îäíîëåòíèå ñîðíÿêè â ïîñåâàõ õëîï÷àòíèêà, â áîëåå âûñîêèõ äîçàõ — âñþ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü.
Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü äåéñòâèÿ Ã. îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ õèìè÷åñêîé ñîñòàâîì, ôîðìîé è äîçàìè ïðåïàðàòà, ìåòîäîì è ñðîêàìè îáðàáîòêè ïîñåâîâ, ôàçàìè ðîñòà ðàñòåíèé, èõ àíàòîìè÷åñêèì è ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèì ñòðîåíèåì, ïî÷âåííî-êëèìàòè÷åñêèìè óñëîâèÿìè è ò.ä. Ðàçëè÷àþò áèîõèìè÷åñêóþ è òîïîãðàôè÷åñêóþ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü Ã. Ïðè áèîõèìè÷åñêîé èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè äåéñòâèå Ã. îñíîâàíî íà âìåøàòåëüñòâå åãî â îáìåí âåùåñòâ ðàñòåíèé. Áèîõèìè÷åñêàÿ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ â íåîäèíàêîâîì ïðåâðàùåíèè Ã.: â óñòîé÷èâûõ ðàñòåíèÿõ Ã. áëîêèðóåòñÿ êîìïîíåíòàìè êëåòêè è ðàçëàãàåòñÿ äî íåòîêñè÷íûõ ñîåäèíåíèé èëè äî òîêñè÷íûõ, ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé èõ èíàêòèâàöèåé; â ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûõ — Ã. èëè óãíåòàåò ðàñòåíèÿ (èíãèáèðóþùåå äåéñòâèå) èëè ïîä âëèÿíèåì êîìïîíåíòîâ êëåòêè ðàçðóøàåòñÿ äî òîêñè÷åñêèõ ñîåäèíåíèé, óáèâàþùèõ ðàñòåíèÿ. Íàïðèìåð, ñèìàçèí è àòðàçèí â óñòîé÷èâîé ê íèì êóêóðóçå ðàçëàãàþòñÿ äî íåòîêñè÷åñêèõ ñîåäèíåíèé, â ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûõ (êîðíåâèùåâûõ ìíîãîëåòíèõ ñîðíÿêàõ) — íå ðàçëàãàþòñÿ. Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü Ã. ñâÿçàíà ñ ðàçëè÷èÿìè â àíàòîìî-ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêîì ñòðîåíèè ðàñòåíèé è ñïîñîáå âíåñåíèÿ Ã. Íà èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ýòîãî òèïà îñíîâàíî èñïîëüçîâàíèå 2Ì-4Õ â ïîñåâàõ ëüíà. ˸í, â îòëè÷èå îò ìíîãèõ äâóäîëüíûõ ñîðíÿêîâ, ìàëî ÷óâñòâèòåëåí ê 2Ì-4Õ ïðè êðóïíîêàïåëüíîì îïðûñêèâàíèè åãî ýòèì Ã. â ôàçó «åëî÷êè», ò.ê. êàïëè ðàñòâîðà ñòåêàþò ñ óçêèõ ëèñòüåâ ëüíà, ïîêðûòûõ âîñêîâûì íàë¸òîì è ðàñïîëîæåííûõ ïîä îñòðûì óãëîì ê ñòåáëþ. Áîëåå óñòîé÷èâû ê Ã. ñèëüíî îïóøåííûå ðàñòåíèÿ, ïëîõî ñìà÷èâàþùèåñÿ èìè, ðàñòåíèÿ ñ òîëñòîé, ìàëî ïðîíèöàåìîé êóòèêóëîé è íåáîëüøèì êîëè÷åñòâîì óñòüèö. Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé èçáèðàòåëüíîñòüþ îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ, íàïðèìåð, ðàçëè÷íàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ê Ã. ðàñòåíèé äàæå îäíîãî è òîãî æå âèäà: ðàñòåíèÿ, ïðîèçðàñòàþùèå â òåíè, íà âëàæíîé, áîãàòîé ïèòàòåëüíûìè âåùåñòâàìè è îñîáåííî àçîòîì ïî÷âå, âûðàñòàþò áîëåå èçíåæåííûìè è áîëåå ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûìè ê ãåðáèöèäàì. Ã. ìîãóò áûòü ñ øèðîêîé è óçêîé èçáèðàòåëüíîñòüþ. Øèðîêîé èçáèðàòåëüíîñòüþ îáëàäàåò, íàïðèìåð, 2,4-Ä, óíè÷òîæàþùèé âñå äâóäîëüíûå ðàñòåíèÿ, óçêîé — ïðîïàíèä, óíè÷òîæàþùèé ïðîñÿíêè â ïîñåâàõ ðèñà, è äð.
Ã. ñïëîøíîãî è èçáèðàòåëüíîãî äåéñòâèÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñïîñîáíîñòè ïåðåìåùàòüñÿ â ðàñòåíèè äåëÿò íà êîíòàêòíûå è ñèñòåìíûå. Êîíòàêòíûå Ã. (ÄÍÎÊ, ïðîïàíèä, ãðàìîêñîí, ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ è äð.), ïîïàâ íà ðàñòåíèå, âûçûâàþò ìåñòíîå îòðàâëåíèå ó÷àñòêîâ òêàíè, êîòîðûå áûñòðî óâÿäàþò, áóðåþò è çàñûõàþò. Ñèñòåìíûå Ã. (2,4-Ä, 2Ì-4Õ, ñèìàçèí, àòðàçèí, ìîíóðîí è äð.) ñïîñîáíû ïåðåäâèãàòüñÿ ïî ñîñóäèñòîé ñèñòåìå ðàñòåíèé âìåñòå ñ ïèòàòåëüíûìè âåùåñòâàìè è ïðîäóêòàìè îáìåíà âåùåñòâ, âûçûâàÿ îáùåå îòðàâëåíèå (äåôîðìàöèþ ñòåáëÿ è ëèñòüåâ ðàñòåíèé, ïîñòåïåííîå óãíåòåíèå ðîñòà, õëîðîòè÷íîñòü, õðóïêîñòü ëèñòüåâ è ñòåáëåé, ñòåðèëüíîñòü è ò.ä.), ÷òî îñîáåííî öåííî äëÿ áîðüáû ñ ìíîãîëåòíèìè è èìåþùèìè ìîùíóþ êîðíåâóþ ñèñòåìó ñîðíÿêàìè. Êîíòàêòíûå è ñèñòåìíûå Ã. íàíîñÿò íà ëèñòîâóþ ïîâåðõíîñòü ðàñòåíèé (ëèñòîâûå Ã.) è íà ïî÷âó (ïî÷âåííûå, èëè êîðíåâûå, Ã.). Ìíîãèå Ã. ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû êàê äëÿ îáðàáîòêè íàäçåìíûõ ÷àñòåé ñîðíÿêîâ, òàê è äëÿ âíåñåíèÿ â ïî÷âó.
Ñîâðåìåííûå Ã. — îðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, äåëÿùèåñÿ íà íåñêîëüêî áîëüøèõ ãðóïï: çàìåùåííûå ôåíîëû (ÄÍÎÊ, ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ); áåíçîíèòðèëû (èîêñèíèë è äð.); ÷åòâåðòè÷íûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ àììîíèÿ (ðåãëîí, ãðàìîêñîí); ïðîèçâîäíûå õëîðôåíîêñèàëêèëêàðáîíîâûõ êèñëîò (2,4-Ä; 2,4-ÄÌ; 2,4-ÄÏ; 2Ì-4Õ; 2Ì-4ÕÌ; 2Ì-4ÕÏ; 2,4,5-Ò); áåíçîéíûå êèñëîòû (2,3,6-ÒÁÊ; áàíâåë-Ä); ãàëîèäîçàìåù¸ííûå àëèôàòè÷åñêèå êèñëîòû (ÒÕÀ, äàëàïîí); êàðáàìàòû (õëîð-ÈÔÊ; ÈÔÊ, êàðáèí); òèîêàðáàìàòû (äèàëëàò, ýíòàì, òèëëàì, òðèàëëàò, ÿëàí); àìèäû (ñîëàí, ïðîïàíèä, äèôåíàìèä); ïðîèçâîäíûå ìî÷åâèíû (äèõëîðàëüìî÷åâèíà, ôåíóðîí, ìîíóðîí, äèóðîí, êîòîðàí, ëèíóðîí, ìåòóðèí, ìîíîëèíóðîí); ïðîèçâîäíûå óðàöèëà (ëåíàöèë), òðèàçèíû (ñèìàçèí, àòðàçèí, ïðîïàçèí, ïðîìåòðèí, äåñìåòðèí); Ã. äð. ãðóïï (äàêòàë, ïèêëîðàì, òðåôëàí è äð.).  êà÷åñòâå Ã. â îãðàíè÷åííûõ ìàñøòàáàõ ïðèìåíÿþò è íåêîòîðûå íåîðãàíè÷åñêèå âåùåñòâà: ñóëüôàìàò àììîíèÿ, öèàíàò êàëèÿ, õëîðàòû íàòðèÿ, ìàãíèÿ, êàëüöèÿ, íèòðàò íàòðèÿ è äð.
Èçâåñòíî ñâûøå 1000 ñîåäèíåíèé ñ ãåðáèöèäíûìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Äëÿ áîðüáû ñ ñîðíÿêàìè èñïîëüçóþò îêîëî 140 (òàáë. 1). Ã. èçãîòîâëÿþò ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì â âèäå ðàñòâîðîâ, ðàñòâîðèìûõ â âîäå ïîðîøêîâ, ïàñò, ñìà÷èâàþùèõñÿ ïîðîøêîâ, êîíöåíòðàòîâ ýìóëüñèè. Îñíîâíîé ñïîñîá ïðèìåíåíèÿ Ã. — îïðûñêèâàíèå ñ ïîìîùüþ íàçåìíûõ îïðûñêèâàòåëåé è ñ ñàìîë¸òîâ âîäíûìè ðàñòâîðàìè, âîäíûìè ýìóëüñèÿìè è âîäíûìè ñóñïåíçèÿìè. Èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ãðàíóëèðîâàííûå Ã., íî èõ ïðèìåíåíèå ïîêà íåçíà÷èòåëüíî. Ã. âíîñÿò äî èëè ïîñëå çÿáëåâîé âñïàøêè, â ðàçëè÷íîå âðåìÿ äî ïîñåâà ñ.-õ. êóëüòóðû, â ïåðèîä îò ïîñåâà äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ âñõîäîâ è ïîñëå ïîÿâëåíèÿ âñõîäîâ êóëüòóðíûõ ðàñòåíèé â ðàçëè÷íûå ôàçû èõ ðàçâèòèÿ.
Äîçà Ã. çàâèñèò îò ñòåïåíè çàñîðåíèÿ ïîëåé, ñîðòîâûõ îñîáåííîñòåé ñ.-õ. êóëüòóðû, ïî÷âåííî-êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé è àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ïðè¸ìîâ. Ïðè íèçêèõ äîçàõ èçáèðàòåëüíîå äåéñòâèå Ã. ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ ñèëüíåå, ïðè î÷åíü âûñîêèõ ïîëíîñòüþ èñ÷åçàåò. Ïðè îäíèõ è òåõ æå äîçàõ Ã. (êðîìå òðèàçèíîâ) ñ ïîíèæåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû (íèæå 8—12°Ñ) äåéñòâóþò ñëàáåå, ñ ïîâûøåíèåì — ñèëüíåå. Êîíòàêòíûå Ã. ëó÷øå äåéñòâóþò â ÿñíóþ ïîãîäó ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 18—22°Ñ. Íà ë¸ãêèõ ïî÷âàõ äîçû Ã. îáû÷íî ìåíüøå, ÷åì íà òÿæ¸ëûõ, áîãàòûõ ãóìóñîì, ñèëüíåå óäåðæèâàþùèõ Ã. Îðèåíòèðîâî÷íûå äîçû Ã., âðåìÿ è ñïîñîá èõ âíåñåíèÿ â ïîñåâû îñíîâíûõ ñ.-õ. êóëüòóð ïðèâåäåíû â òàáë. 2. Ïðîòèâ îäíîëåòíèõ ñîðíÿêîâ áîáîâûõ êóëüòóð âíîñÿò (â êã íà 1 ãà äåéñòâóþùåãî âåùåñòâà) ïðîìåòðèí (1,5—2,5), ëèíóðîí (2—3), ÄÍÎÊ (3—4), ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ (6—8) îäíîâðåìåííî ñ ïîñåâîì èëè â òå÷åíèå 3—4 äíåé ïîñëå íåãî; ñîè — òðåôëàí (1—2) äî å¸ ïîñåâà; êàðòîôåëÿ — àìèííûå ñîëè (1—1,5) è ýôèðû (0,8—1) 2,4-Ä, 2Ì-4Õ (1—1,5), ìåòóðèí (2—3), ìîíîëèíóðîí (2—3) è äð. íå ïîçäíåå ÷åì çà 5—6 äíåé äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ âñõîäîâ, ïðîòèâ ïûðåÿ ïîëçó÷åãî ïîä çÿáëåâóþ âñïàøêó âíîñÿò ÒÕÀ (20—30). Ïðîòèâ äâóäîëüíûõ îäíîëåòíèõ ñîðíÿêîâ êëåâåðà èñïîëüçóþò 2Ì-4ÕÌ (2—3), ëþöåðíû — 2,4-ÄÌ (1,5—2,5) â ôàçå ðàçâèòèÿ ó íå¸ 1-ãî òðîé÷àòîãî ëèñòà; ïðîòèâ ïîâèëèê ñòåðíþ ìíîãîëåòíèõ òðàâ ÷åðåç 1—3 äíÿ ïîñëå 1-ãî óêîñà îïðûñêèâàþò ÄÍÎÊ (1,5), ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿòîì íàòðèÿ (16—20), ðåãëîíîì (1—1,5).  ñàäàõ, âèíîãðàäíèêàõ è ÿãîäíèêàõ íàèáîëüøåå ïðèìåíåíèå íàøëè ñèìàçèí, àòðàçèí, ÒÕÀ, äàëàïîí è ðåãëîí, íà ñåíîêîñàõ è ïàñòáèùàõ — àìèííûå ñîëè è ýôèðû 2,4-Ä è ò.ä.
Õèìè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû áîðüáû ñ ñîðíÿêàìè îáû÷íî ïðèìåíÿþò â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèìè.
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå Ã. â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå ïîìîãàåò ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü ïðè¸ìû àãðîòåõíèêè. Íàïðèìåð, õèìè÷åñêàÿ ïðîïîëêà ïîçâîëèëà ïåðåéòè íà ÷àñòîãíåçäîâîé ïîñåâ êóêóðóçû è õëîï÷àòíèêà, ãðåáíåâóþ ïîñàäêó êàðòîôåëÿ, ñîêðàòèòü êîëè÷åñòâî ìåæäóðÿäíûõ îáðàáîòîê è ò.ä. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå Ã. î÷åíü ðåíòàáåëüíî è îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîâûøåíèå â ñðåäíåì óðîæàÿ (â ö ñ 1 ãà) çåðíîâûõ íà 2,5 (2,4-Ä), ðèñà íà 4—7 (ïðîïàíèä), êóêóðóçû íà çåë¸íóþ ìàññó íà 50 è çåðíî íà 7 (ñèìàçèí è àòðàçèí) è ò.ä. Êðîìå òîãî, ïðèìåíåíèå Ã. âåä¸ò ê çíà÷èòåëüíîé ýêîíîìèè ðó÷íîãî òðóäà.
Áîëüøèíñòâî Ã. ñðåäíå- è ìàëîÿäîâèòî äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà è òåïëîêðîâíûõ æèâîòíûõ è òîëüêî íåêîòîðûå (ÄÍÎÊ, ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ) — âûñîêîÿäîâèòûå âåùåñòâà. Áîëüøèíñòâî Ã. ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ â íåèçìåííîì âèäå â ïî÷âå ìàêñèìóì íåñêîëüêî íåäåëü, è òîëüêî íåêîòîðûå ïðîèçâîäíûå òðèàçèíîâ, ìî÷åâèíû, òðèõëîðáåíçîéíîé êèñëîòû, âíåñ¸ííûå â áîëüøèõ äîçàõ, ìîãóò ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ â òå÷åíèå ðÿäà ëåò. ×òîáû ïðåäóïðåäèòü íåáëàãîïðèÿòíîå äåéñòâèå Ã. (ïîïàäàíèå â âîäî¸ìû, íàêîïëåíèå â ðàñòèòåëüíûõ êîðìàõ èëè â æèâîòíûõ ïðîäóêòàõ è ò.ï.), íåîáõîäèìî ñòðîãî ñîáëþäàòü ïðàâèëà, ïðåäóñìîòðåííûå èíñòðóêöèÿìè ïî èõ ïðèìåíåíèþ; åñëè èìåþòñÿ ýôôåêòèâíûå áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû áîðüáû ñ ñîðíûìè ðàñòåíèÿìè, òî îòäàâàòü ïðåäïî÷òåíèå ýòèì ìåòîäàì. Ðàáîòàþò ñ Ã. â ðåçèíîâûõ ïåð÷àòêàõ, ñïåöîäåæäå, ðåñïèðàòîðàõ, î÷êàõ, ÷òîáû èñêëþ÷èòü ïîïàäàíèå ïðåïàðàòîâ íà îòêðûòûå ÷àñòè òåëà, â ðîò, íîñ, ãëàçà, ñîáëþäàÿ ïðàâèëà ëè÷íîé ãèãèåíû. Ñì. òàêæå ñò. Ïåñòèöèäû.
Òàáë. 1. — Âàæíåéøèå ãåðáèöèäû
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| Îáùåå íàçâàíèå | Õèìè÷åñêîå íàçâàíèå | ËÄ* äëÿ åî |
| | | êðûñ, ìã/êã |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Àòðàçèí (ãåçàïðèì, çåàçèí, ïðèìàòîë, õóíãàçèí-ÏÊ) | 2-Õëîð-4-ýòèëàìèíî-6-èçîïðîïèëàìèíî-ñèìì-òðèàçèí | 3000 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Áàíâåë-Ä (äèêàìáà) | 2-Ìåòîêñè-3,6-äèõëîðáåíçîéíàÿ êèñëîòà | 2900 |
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| Áåòàíàë | 3-Ìåòîêñè-êàðáîíèëàìèíîôåíèë-N-3-ìeòèëôåíèëêàðáàìàò | 5000 |
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| Ãðàìîêñîí (ïàðàêâàò) | 1,1'-Äèìåòèë-4,4'-äèïèðèäèëèé õëîðèñòûé | 60 |
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| 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå ñîëè (2,4-ÄÀ, êîðíîêñ-Ä, äèïàë) | Äèìåòèë- èòðèýòàíîëàìèííàÿ ñîëè 2,4-äèõëîðôåíîêñèóêñóñíîé | 1150-1200 |
| | êèñëîòû | |
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| 2,4-Ä, áóòèëîâûé ýôèð (2,4-ÄÁ) | Áóòèëîâûé ýôèð 2,4 äèõëîðôåíîêñèóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû | 950-975 |
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| 2,4-Ä, îêòèëîâûé ýôèð | Îêòèëîâûé ýôèð 2,4-äèõëîðôåíîêñèóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû | 710-730 |
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| 2,4-Ä, -õëîðêðîòèëîâûé ýôèð (êðîòèëèí) | -Õëîðêðîòèëîâûé ýôèð 2,4-äèõëîðôåíîêñèóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû | 500 |
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| Äàêòàë | Äèìåòèë-2,3, 5, 6-òåòðàõëîðòåðåôòàëàò | >3000 |
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| Äàëàïîí (àãðàïîí, áàñôàïîí, äàóïîí, ïðîïèíàò, | Íàòðèåâàÿ ñîëü , -äèõëîðïðîïèîíîâîé êèñëîòû | 7500 |
| ðàäàïîí) | | |
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| Äåñìåòðèí | 2-Ìåòèëìåðêàïòî-4-èçîïðîïèëàìèíî-6-ìåòèëàìèíî-ñèìì-òðèà-çèí | 1390 |
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| Äèàëëàò (àâàäåêñ) | S-2,3-Äèõëîðàëëèë- N, N-äèèçîïðîïèëòèîêàðáàìàò | 395 |
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| Äèóðîí (äèõëîðôåíèäèì, ÄÌÈ, ÄÑÌÈ, êàðìåêñ) | N-3,4-Äèõëîðôåíèë-N1, N'-äèìåòèëìî÷åâèíà | 3000-3400 |
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| Äèôåíàìèä (äèìèä) | N, N-Äèìåòèëäèôåíèëàöåòàìèä | 1000 |
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| Äèõëîðàëüìî÷åâèíà (ÄÕÌ) | N, N'-Äè-(2, 2, 2-òðèõëîð-1-îêñ11-ýòèë)-ìî÷åâèíà | 31600 |
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| 2,4-ÄÌ (áóòîêñîí, ëåãþìåêñ-Ä, ýìáóòîêñ) | Íàòðèåâàÿ èëè äèýòàíîëàìèííàÿ ñîëè 2,4-äèõëîðôåíîêñè- -ìàñ- | 1500 |
| | ëÿíîé êèñëîòû | |
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| ÄÍÎÊ (äèíèòðîîðòîêðåçîë, äèíîê, êðåçîìîí, êðåçî-ííò, | Íàòðèåâàÿ èëè àììîíèéíàÿ ñîëè 2-ìåòèë-4,6-äèíèòðîôåíîëà | 85 |
| ðàôàòîêñ, ñåëèíîí, õåäîëèò) | | |
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| 2,4-ÄÏ (äèõëîðïðîï) | Íàòðèåâàÿ ñîëü 2,4-äèõëîðôåíîêñèïðîïèîíîâîé êèñëîòû | 800 |
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| Èîêñèíèë | 3.5-Äèéîä-4-îêñèáåíçîíèòðèë | 120-190 |
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| ÈÔÊ (ïðîôàì) | Èçîïðîïèë-N-ôåíèëêàðáàìàò | 1000 |
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| Êàðáèí (áàðáàí, Ñ-847, õëîðèíàò) | 4-Õëîðáóòèíèë-2-N-ì-õëîðôåíèë-êàðáàìàò | 600-1000 |
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| Êîòîðàí (È-2059, ïàõòàðàí, ôòîðìåòóðîí) | N-(3-Òðèôòîðìåòèëôåíèë)-N, N-äèìåòèëìî÷åâèíà | 6000 |
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| Ëåíàöèë (âåíçàð, ãåêñèëóð) | 3-Öèêëîãåêñèë-5,6-òðèìåòèëåíóðàöèë | 6000 |
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| Ëèíóðîí (àôàëîí, ãàðíèòàí, ëîðîêñ) | N-3,4-Äèõëîðôåíèë- N1 -ìåòèë- N1 -ìåòîêñèìî÷åâèíà | 1500 |
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| Ìåòóðèí | N-Ôåíèë-N-okcè-N'-ìeòèëìî÷åâèíà | 5000 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ìîíîëèíóðîí (àðåçèí) | N1-4-Õëîðôåíèë-N-ìeòîêñè-N-ìeòèëìî÷åâèíà | 2250 |
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| Ìîíóðîí (òåëüâàð, õëîðôåíèäèì) | N--4-Õëîðôåíèë- N1, N'-äèìåòèëìî÷åâèíà | 3600 |
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| 2Ì-4Õ (àãðîêñîí, äèêîòåêñ, ëåéíàì, ìåòîêñîí) | Íàòðèåâàÿ ñîëü 2-ìåòèë-4-õëîðôåíîêñèóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû | 700 |
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| 2Ì-4ÕÌ (áåêñîí, ëåãóìåêñ Ì, òðîïîòîêñ, òðîïîòîí) | Íàòðèåâàÿ ñîëü 4-õëîð-2-ìåòèëôåíîêñè--ìàñëÿíîé êèñëîòû | 700 |
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| 2Ì-4ÕÏ (êîìáèòîêñ, ìåêîïîí, ìåêîïðîï, ðàíêîòåêñ, õåíîäàë) | Íàòðèåâàÿ, êàëèåâàÿ èëè äèýòàíîëàìèííàÿ ñîëè 2-ìåòèë-4-õëîð- | 930 |
| | ôåíîêñè--ïðîïèîíîâîé êèñëîòû | |
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| Íèòðàôåí (ïðåïàðàò ¹ 125 ÂÈÇÐ) | Íàòðèåâûå ñîëè ïðîäóêòîâ íèòðîâàíèÿ àëêèëôåíîëîâ, âûäåëåííûõ 113 | 900-1300 |
| | ñìîë, ïîëó÷åííûõ ïðè ïîëóêîêñîâàíèè ñëàíöåâ èëè óãëåé | |
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| Ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ (äàóöèä-7, äèïåíòîêñ, ïåí-õëîðîë, | Ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ | 210-280 |
| èðåìîíòîêñ, ÏÕÔ, ñàíòàôåí, ñàíòîáðèò) | | |
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| Ïèêëîðàì (òîðäîí, õëîðàìï) | Êàëèåâàÿ èëè òðèèçîïðîïèëàìèííàÿ ñîëè 3,5,6-òðèõëîð-4-àìè- | 8200 |
| | íîïèêîëèíîâîé êèñëîòû | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ïðîìåòðèí | 2-Ìåòèëòèî-4,6-áèñ-(èçîïðîïèë-àìèíî)-ñèìì-òðèàçèí | 2500 |
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| Ïðîïàçèí (ãåçàìèë, ïðèìàòîë, ñèïðàçèí, öåêàòåêñ) | 2-Õëîð-4,6-áèñ-(èçîïðîïèëàìèíî)- ñèìì -òðèàçèí | >5000 |
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| Ïðîïàíèä (ÄÐÀ, ÄÑÐË, ðîãüþ ÑÒÀÌ Ô-34, FW-734, ïðîïàíèë) | 3,4-Äèõëîðïðîïèîíàíèëèä | 1380 |
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| Ðåãëîí (äèêâàò, ïðåãëîí) | 1,1 '-Ýòèëåí-2,21äèïèðèäèëèé-äèáðîìèä | 400 |
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| Ñèìàçèí (áëàäåêñ, ãóåçàòîï, G-27692, çààïóð, õóíãà- | 2-Õëîð-4,6-áèñ-(ýòèëàìèíî)- ñèìì -òðèàçèí | 5000 |
| çèí-ÄÒ) | | |
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| Ñîëàí (ïåíòàíîõëîð) | Ç-Õëîð-4-ìåòèëàíèëèä -ìåòèëâàëåðèàíîâîé êèñëîòû | 10000 |
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| 2,4,5-Ò | Àìèííûå ñîëè è ýôèðû 2, 4,5-òðèõëîðôåíîóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû | 300-500 |
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| 2,3,6-ÒÁÊ (áåíçàê, 2-ÊÔ, òðèñáåí-200, ÒÕÁ) | Íàòðèåâàÿ, êàëèåâàÿ èëè àììîíèéíàÿ ñîëè 2,3,6-òðèõëîðáåí-çîéíîé | 750 |
| | êèñëîòû | |
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| Òèëëàì (ïåáóëàò) | S-Ïðîïèë-N-ýòèë-N-áóòèëòèîêàðáàìàò | 1120 |
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| Òðåôëàí (íèòðîôîð, òðèôëîðàëèí) | 2,6-Äèíèòðî-4-òðèôòîðìåòèë- N, N-äèïðîïèëàíèëèí | 10000 |
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| Òðèàëëàò (àâàäåêñ BW, äèïòàë) | S-2, 3,3-Tpèõëîpaëëèë-N, N-äèèçîïðîïèëòèîêàðáàìàò | 1340-1810 |
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| ÒÕÀ (ÒÑÀ, òðèõëîðàöåòàò íàòðèÿ) | Íàòðèåâàÿ ñîëü òðèõëîðóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû | 3320 |
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| Ôåíàçîí (ïèðàçîí, ïèðàìèí) | 4-àìèíî-5-õëîð-1-ôåíèëïèðèäàçîí-6 | 3300 |
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| Ôåíóðîí (ôåíèäèì) | N-Ôåíèë- N1, N1-äèìåòèëìî÷åâèíà | 7500 |
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| Õëîð-ÈÔÊ (íåêñîâàë, ïðåâåêîëü, õëîðïðîôàì, ýëüáî-íèë) | Èçîïðîïèë-N-3-õëîðôåíèëêàðáàìàò | 1500-3800 |
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| Ýïòàì (ÅÐÒÑ, ÝÏÒÊ) | S-Ýòèë-N, N-äè-í-ïðîïèëòèîêàðáàìàò | 1630 |
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| ßëàí (ãèäðàì, îðäðàì, R-4572, ìîëèíàò) | S-Ýòèë-1-ãåêñàìåòèëåí-èìèíîòèîêàðáàìàò | 680 |
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ËÄ50 — äîçà âåùåñòâà, ïðè ââåäåíèè êîòîðîé 50% ïîäîïûòíûõ æèâîòíûõ ïîãèáàåò.
Òàáë. 2. — Ïðèìåíåíèå ãåðáèöèäîâ â ïîñåâàõ âàæíåéøèõ ñ.-õ. Êóëüòóð
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| | | Äîçà, êã | |
| Ñîðíÿêè | Ãåðáèöèäû | äåéñòâóþùå- | Ñðîê ïðèìåíåíèÿ |
| | | ãî âåùåñòâà íà | ãåðáèöèäà |
| | | 1 ãà | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Çåðíîâûå è êðóïÿíûå êóëüòóðû (êðîìå êóêóðóçû è ðèñà) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå ñîëè | 0,7-1,0 | |
| îäíîëåòíèå è |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| íåêîòîðûå | 2,4-Ä, ýôèðû | 0,25-0,4 | |
| ìíîãîëåòíèå |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | 2Ì-4Õ | 0,8-1,2 | |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Â ôàçå êóùåíèÿ |
| | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå | 0,4-0,5+0,04- | çåðíîâûõ (äî âûõîäà |
| îäíîëåòíèå è | ñîëè+áàíâåë-Ä | 0,08 | â òðóáêó |
| íåêîòîðûå |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| ìíîãîëåòíèå, | 2,4-Ä, ýôèðû+áàíâåë-Ä | 0,15-0,20+0,04- | |
| óñòîé÷èâûå ê 2,4-Ä | | 0,08 | |
| è 2Ì-4Õ |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | 2Ì-4Õ+áàíâåë-Ä | 0,4-0,6+0,04- | |
| | | 0,08 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå, | ÄÍÎÊ | 2,0-4,0 | Â ôàçå ðàçâèòèÿ ó |
| óñòîé÷èâûå ê 2,4-Ä | | | ñîðíÿêîâ 2-4 |
| è 2Ì-4Õ (âåðîíèêè, | | | ëèñòüåâ (ïî âñõîäàì |
| ãîðöû, ïèêóëüíèêè, | | | çåðíîâûõ) |
| òîðèöû è äð. | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ìíîãîëåòíèå | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå ñîëè | 1,4-2,0 | Ïî âåãåòèðóþùèì |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ñîðíÿêàì ïîñëå |
| | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå | 0,8-1,0+0,08- | óáîðêè óðîæàÿ (íà |
| | ñîëè+áàíâåë-Ä | 0,16 | ó÷àñòêàõ, èäóùèõ |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ïîä çåðíîâûå |
| | 2,4-Ä, ýôèðû+áàíâåë-Ä | 0,6-0,8+0,08- | êóëüòóðû) èëè â ïàðó |
| | | 0,16 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Îäíîäîëüíûå | Êàðáèí | 0,4-0,6 |  ôàçå íà÷àëà |
| (îâñþã â ïîñåâàõ | | | îáðàçîâàíèÿ ó |
| ïøåíèöû è ÿ÷ìåíÿ) | | | îâñþãà 2-ãî ëèñòà, |
| | | | äî íà÷àëà 3-ãî |
| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Òðèàëëàò | 1,0-1,5 | Äî ïîñåâà ïøåíèöû |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| è ÿ÷ìåíÿ ñ |
| | ßëàí | 2,0-3,0 | íåìåäëåííîé |
| | | | çàäåëêîé |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå è | Ïðîïàçèí | 1,5-3,0 | Ïåðåä ïðåäïîñåâíîé |
| îäíîäîëüíûå |-----------------------------------------| | îáðàáîòêîé, |
| îäíîëåòíèå â | Ïðîìåòðèí | | îäíîâðåìåííî ñ |
| ïîñåâàõ ïðîñà è |-----------------------------------------| | ïîñåâîì èëè â |
| ñîðãî | Ñèìàçèí | | òå÷åíèå 3-4 äíåé |
| | | | ïîñëå íåãî |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðèñ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå | 2Ì-4Õ | 1,8-2,5 | Â ôàçå ïîëíîãî |
| ìíîãîëåòíèå è |--------------------------------------------------------------------| êóùåíèÿ ðèñà |
| îäíîëåòíèå | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå ñîëè | 1,5-2,0 | |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | 2,4-Ä, ýôèðû | 0,8-1,0 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Îäíîäîëüíûå | Ïðîïàíèä | 5,0-7,0 | Ïðè îáðàçîâàíèè ó |
| (ïðîñÿíêè) è | | | ïðîñÿíîê 2-3 |
| íåêîòîðûå | | | ëèñòüåâ |
| äâóäîëüíûå |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | ßëàí | 2,0-3,0 | Äî ïîñåâà ðèñà ñ |
| | | | íåìåäëåííîé |
| | | | çàäåëêîé |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Êóêóðóçà |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå ñîëè | 1,2-1,8 | Îäíîâðåìåííî ñ |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ïîñåâîì èëè â |
| | 2,4-Ä, ýôèðû | 0,8-1,0 | òå÷åíèå 3-4 äíåé |
| | | | ïîñëå íåãî |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå è | 2,4-Ä, àìèííûå ñîëè | 0,6-0,8 | Â ôàçå ðàçâèòèÿ ó |
| íåêîòîðûå |--------------------------------------------------------------------| êóêóðóçû 3-5 ëèñòüåâ |
| ìíîãîëåòíèå | 2,4-Ä, ýôèðû | 0,2-0,3 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | | 4,0-8,0 | Ïîä çÿáëåâóþ |
| | | | âñïàøêó èëè ïîñëå |
| | | | íåå (íà ó÷àñòêàõ, |
| | | | èäóùèõ ïîä |
| | | | êóêóðóçó) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| êîðíåâèùåâûå | Àòðàçèí | 4,0-8,0 | Ðàííåé âåñíîé ñ |
| ìíîãîëåòíèêè |--------------------------------------------------------------------| çàäåëêîé â çîíó |
| | Ñèìàçèí | 3,0-6,0 | çàëåãàíèÿ êîðíåâèù |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | Àòðàçèí | 3,0-6,0 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå è | ÄÍÎÊ | 3,0-4,0 | Îäíîâðåìåííî ñ |
| îäíîäîëüíûå |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ïîñåâîì èëè â |
| îäíîëåòíèå | Ïåíòàõëîðôåíîëÿò | 6,0-8,0 | òå÷åíèå 3-4 äíåé |
| | íàòðèÿ | | ïîñëå íåãî |
| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Ñèìàçèí | 1,0-4,0 | Ïîä |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| íåïîñðåäñòâåííóþ |
| | Àòðàçèí | 1,0-4,0 | êóëüòèâàöèþ, |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| îäíîâðåìåííî ñ |
| | Ëèíóðîí | 2,0-3,0 | ïîñåâîì èëè â |
| | | | òå÷åíèå 3-4 äíåé |
| | | | ïîñëå íåãî |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Õëîï÷àòíèê |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíèûå | ÒÕÀ | 80-100 | Äî èëè ñðàçó ïîñëå |
| (êîðíèâèùåâûå | | | çÿáëåâîé âñïøêè (íà |
| ìíîãîëåòíèêè – |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ïîëÿõ, èäóùèõ ïîä |
| ãóìàé, ñâèíîðîé è | Äèëàïîí | 40-50 | õëîï÷àòíèê) |
| äð.) | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå è | Ìîíóðîí | 1,2-1,6 | Îäíîâðåìåííî ñ |
| îäíîäîëüíûå |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ïîñåâîì èëè â |
| îäíîëåòíèå | Äèóðîí | 1,2-1,6 | òå÷åíèå 3-4 äíåé |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| ïîñëå íåãî |
| | Êîòîðàí | 1,5-2,5 | |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | Ìåòóðèí | 2,0-3,0 | |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | Ïðîìåòðèí | 2,0-3,0 | |
| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Õëîð-ÈÔÊ | 6,0-8,0 | Äî ïîñåâà ñ |
| | | | íåìåäëåííîé |
| |--------------------------------------------------------------------| çàäåëêîé |
| | Òðåôëàí | 1,0-1,5 | êóëüòèâàòîðîì èëè |
| | | | áîðîíîé |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ëåí |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå | 2Ì-4Õ | 0,8-1,0 | Â ôàçå |
| | | | «åëî÷êè»ëüíà |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå, | ÄÍÎÊ | 1,5-2,0 | Ïî âñõîäàì ëüíà (â |
| óñòîé÷èâûå ê 2Ì-4Õ | | | ôàçå ðàçâèòèÿ ó |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| ñîðíÿêîâ 2-4 |
| | 2Ì-4Õ+ÄÍÎÊ | 0,4-0,5+0,8-1,5 | ëèñòüåâ), çàòåì â |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| ôàçå «åëî÷êè» ëüíà |
| | 2Ì-4Õ+áàíâåë-Ä | 0,3-0,4+0,04- | |
| | | 0,08 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Îäíîäîëüíûå |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ïûðåé ïîëçó÷èé | ÒÕÀ | 20-30 | Ïîä çÿáëåâóþ |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| âñïàøêó èëè ïîñëå |
| | Äàëàïîí | 12-16 | íåå (íà ïîëÿõ, |
| | | | èäóùèõ ïîä ëåí) |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ïëåâåë ëüíîâûé | Òðèàëëàò | 0,5-1,5 | Ïîä ïðåäïîñåâíóþ |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| êóëüòèâàöèþ |
| | ÒÕÀ | 8-12 | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ñàõàðíàÿ ñâåêëà |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äâóäîëüíûå | Áåòàíàë | 1,5-2,5 | Â ôàçå ðàçâèòèÿ ó |
| îäíîëåòíèå | | | ñâåêëû è ñîðíÿêîâ 2- |
| | | | 3 ëòèñòüåâ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Ôåíàçîí | 3,0-4,0 | Ïîä ïðåäïîñåâíóþ |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| êóëüòèâàöèþ èëè äî |
| | Ëåíàöèë | 2,0-3,0 | ïîÿâëåíèÿ âñõîäîâ |
| | | | ñâåêëû |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Îäíîäîëüíûå è | Ýïòàì | 2,0-4,0 | Äî ïîñåâà ñâåêëû ñ |
| íåêîòîðûå |--------------------------------------------------------------------| íåìåäëåííîé |
| äâóäîëüíûå | Òèëëàì | 3,0-5,0 | çàäåëêîé |
| îäíîëåòíèå | | | |
| | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Îäíîäîëüíûå |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå | ÒÕÀ | 5,0-10 | Ïîä ïðåäïîñåâíóþ |
| (îñîáåííî îâñþã) | | | êóëüòèâàöèþ |
| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Òðèàëëàò | 1,0-1,5 | Äî ïîñåâà èëè äî |
| | | | ïîÿâëåíèÿ âñõîäîâ |
| | | | ñâåêëû |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| îäíîëåòíèå | Äèõëîðàëüìî÷åâèíà | 5,0-10,0 | Ïîä ïðåäïîñåâíóþ |
| (îñîáåííî ïðîñÿíêè) | | | êóëüòèâàöèþ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ìíîãîëåòíèå (ïûðåé, | ÒÕÀ | 20,0-30,0 | Ïîä çÿáëåâóþ |
| ñâèíîðîé è äð.) |-----------------------------------------| | âñïàøêó èëè ñðàçó |
| | Äèõëîðàëüìî÷åâèíà | | ïîñëå íåå |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ëèò.: Ìåëüíèêîâ Í. Í., Áàñêàêîâ Þ. À., Õèìèÿ ãåðáèöèäîâ è ðåãóëÿòîðîâ ðîñòà ðàñòåíèé, Ì., 1962; Ïðàêòè÷åñêîå ðóêîâîäñòâî ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ ÿäîõèìèêàòîâ è ãåðáèöèäîâ â ðàñòåíèåâîäñòâå, Ì., 1963; Ðàêèòèí Þ. Â., Áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûå âåùåñòâà êàê ñðåäñòâà óïðàâëåíèÿ æèçíåííûìè ïðîöåññàìè ðàñòåíèé, â ñáîðíèêå: Íàó÷íûå îñíîâû çàùèòû óðîæàÿ, Ì., 1963; Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ ãåðáèöèäîâ, [Ì.], 1964; Êðàôòñ À., Ðîááèíñ Ó., Õèìè÷åñêàÿ áîðüáà ñ ñîðíÿêàìè, ïåð. ñ àíãë., Ì., 1964; Ìåëüíèêîâ Í. Í., Õèìèÿ ïåñòèöèäîâ, Ì., 1968; Weed, Control Handbook, ed. by J. D. Fryer, B. A. Evans, Oxf. — Edinburg, 1968.
Í. Í. Ìåëüíèêîâ, Ë. Ä. Ñòîíîâ.
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Ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ |
(ëàò. herba òðàâà + caedo óáèâàòü)
âåùåñòâà, ïðèìåíÿåìûå äëÿ ñïëîøíîãî èëè èçáèðàòåëüíîãî óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè èëè ïîäàâëåíèÿ åå ðîñòà; ìíîãèå Ã., èñïîëüçóåìûå â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå, òîêñè÷íû äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà. |
Îðôîãðàôè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü Ëîïàòèíà |
ãåðáèö`èäû, ãåðáèö`èäû, -îâ, åä. -ö`èä, -à |
Ñëîâàðü Îæåãîâà |
ÃÅÐÁÈÖ’ÈÄÛ, -îâ, åä. -öèä, -à, ìóæ. Õèìè÷åñêèå âåùåñòâà äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ñîðíûõ ðàñòåíèé.
ïðèë. ãåðáèöèäíûé, -àÿ, -îå. |
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Åñëè âû æåëàåòå áëåñíóòü çíàíèÿìè â áåñåäå èëè ïðèâåñòè àðãóìåíò â ñïîðå, òî ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ññûëêó:
áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ÃÅÐÁÈÖÈÄÛ
áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ×òî òàêîå ÃÅÐÁÈÖÈÄÛ
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