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ÔÅÍÎÏËÀÑÒÛ |
| Áîëüøàÿ ñîâåòñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ (ÁÝÑ) |
ïëàñòè÷åñêèå ìàññû íà îñíîâå ôåíîëî-àëüäåãèäíûõ ñìîë (Ñì. Ôåíîëî-àëüäåãèäíûå ñìîëû). Ãëàâíûå êîìïîíåíòîì Ô., êðîìå ñìîëû (íîâîëà÷íîãî èëè ðåçîëüíîãî òèïà), âûïîëíÿþùåé ðîëü ñâÿçóþùåãî, ñëóæèò íàïîëíèòåëü, ïî âèäó êîòîðîãî îáû÷íî îïðåäåëÿþò êîìïîçèöèþ. Òàê, ïîðîøêîîáðàçíûå íàïîëíèòåëè âõîäÿò â ñîñòàâ ïðåññ-ïîðîøêîâ (Ñì. Ïðåññ-ïîðîøêè), âîëîêíèñòûå – Âîëîêíèòîâ, ñòåêëîâîëîêíèòîâ, àñáîâîëîêíèòîâ; ëèñòîâûå – ñëîèñòûõ ïëàñòèêîâ (Ñì. Ñëîèñòûå ïëàñòèêè), íàïðèìåð, ðàçëè÷íîé ïðèðîäû òêàíè èñïîëüçóþò äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ òåêñòîëèòîâ, ñòåêëîòåêñòîëèòîâ, àñáîòåêñòîëèòîâ (ñì. Ñòåêëîïëàñòèêè, Àñáîïëàñòèêè), áóìàãó – Ãåòèíàêñîâ, äðåâåñíûé øïîí – äðåâåñíîñëîèñòûõ ïëàñòèêîâ (ñì. Äðåâåñíûå ïëàñòèêè). Ê Ô. îòíîñÿòñÿ òàêæå êîìïîçèöèè, ñîäåðæàùèå ïîðîîáðàçîâàòåëü (ïåíîîáðàçîâàòåëü), èç êîòîðûõ ïîëó÷àþò ôåíîïåíîïëàñòû (ñì. Ïåíîïëàñòû), è ÿ÷åèñòûå êîíñòðóêöèè, ò. í. ñîòîïëàñòû.  ñîñòàâ Ô. ìîãóò âõîäèòü òàêæå îòâåðäèòåëè – ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì óðîòðîïèí (îáÿçàòåëüíûé êîìïîíåíò â êîìïîçèöèÿõ íà îñíîâå íîâîëà÷íîé ñìîëû), óñêîðèòåëè îòâåðæäåíèÿ (CaO èëè MgO), ñìàçêè (æèðíûå êèñëîòû, èõ ñîëè, ïàðàôèí), êðàñèòåëè, èíåðòíûå äîáàâêè è äð.
Èçäåëèÿ èç Ô. õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ âûñîêîé òåïëî-, âîäî- è êèñëîòîñòîéêîñòüþ, õîðîøèìè ýëåêòðîèçîëÿöèîííûìè ñâîéñòâàìè è ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ïðî÷íîñòüþ, êîòîðàÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òèïà íàïîëíèòåëÿ èçìåíÿåòñÿ â øèðîêèõ ïðåäåëàõ (ñì. òàáë.).
Íåêîòîðûå ñâîéñòâà èçäåëèé èç íàèáîëåå âàæíûõ ôåíîïëàñòîâ (â ñêîáêàõ óêàçàí íàïîëíèòåëü)
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| | Ïðåñ øîê (íàÿ | ñ-ïîðî- | Âîëîê-íèò | Ñòåêëîâî- | | | Äðåâåñíîå |
| | | äðåâåñ-ìóêà) | | ëîêíèò | | | òòîè- |
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| Ñâîéñòâà | íîâî-ëà÷íàÿ | ðåçîëü-íàÿ | ôèòíàÿ | ðîâàííîå | (ìèòêàëü) | èàêñ | ñòûå ïëàñòèêè |
| | ñìîëà | ñìîëà | öåëëþëîçà) | ñòåêëîâîëîêíî) | | | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ïëîòíîñòü (íå | | | | | | | |
| áîëåå), ã1ñì | | | | | | | |
| ......... | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,45 | 1,7-1,9 | 1,3-1,4 | 1,4 | 1,3 |
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| Ïðî÷íîñòü (íå | | | | | | | |
| ìåíåå), Ìí/ì2 | | | | | | | |
| ïðè ñæàòèè | 160 | 150 | 120 | 130 | 250 | 250 | 180 |
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| ïðè ñòàòè÷. | | | | | | | |
| èçãèáå | 60 | 55 | 80 | 250 | 160 | 140 | 280 |
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| Óäàðíàÿ | | | | | | | |
| âÿçêîñòü (íå | | | | | | | |
| ìåíåå), êäæ/ì», | | | | | | | |
| èëè êãñ - ñì/ñì2 | 5,0 | 4,5 | 9 | 150 | 35 | 15 | 80 |
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| Òåïëîñòîéêîñòü | | | | | | | |
| ïî Ìàðòåíñó (íå | | | | | | | |
| ìåíåå), °Ñ | 125 | 120 | 140 | 280 | 125 | 160 | 140 |
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| Óäåëüíîå | | | | | | | |
| ýëåêòðè÷. | | | | | | | |
| ñîïðîòèâëåíèå | | | | | | | |
| (íå ìåíåå) | | | | | | | |
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| ïîâåðõíîñòíîå, | | | | | | | |
| îì | 1012 | 5.1013 | 1010 | 1012 | 108 | 1011 | |
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| îáú¸ìíîå, îì-ñì | 1012 | 5.1012 | 109 | 1012 | 108 | 1012 | |
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| Ýëåêòðè÷. | | | | | | | |
| ïðî÷íîñòü (íå | | | | | | | |
| ìåíåå), | | | | | | | |
| êâ/ìì..... | 11 | | | | | | |
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| Âîäîïîãëîùåíèå | | | | | | | |
| çà 24 ÷ (íå | | | | | | | |
| áîëåå), ìã..... | 60 | 55 | 90 | 0,05% | 0,8ã/äì2 | | |
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* Ìí/ì» = 10 êãñ/ñì'-.
Ã. Ì. Öåéòëèí.
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| Îðôîãðàôè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü Ëîïàòèíà |
| ôåíîïë`àñòû, ôåíîïë`àñòû, -îâ, åä. -`àñò, -à |
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Åñëè âû æåëàåòå áëåñíóòü çíàíèÿìè â áåñåäå èëè ïðèâåñòè àðãóìåíò â ñïîðå, òî ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ññûëêó:
áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ÔÅÍÎÏËÀÑÒÛ
áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ×òî òàêîå ÔÅÍÎÏËÀÑÒÛ
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