Ñëîâî, çíà÷åíèå êîòîðîãî âû õîòèòå ïîñìîòðåòü, íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ áóêâû
À   Á   Â   Ã   Ä   Å   ¨   Æ   Ç   È   É   Ê   Ë   Ì   Í   Î   Ï   Ð   Ñ   Ò   Ó   Ô   Õ   Ö   ×   Ø   Ù   Û   Ý   Þ   ß

ÄÅÇÈÍÔÅÊÖÈß

Áîëüøàÿ ñîâåòñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ (ÁÝÑ)
(îò Äåç... è ïîçäíåëàò. infectio — çàðàæåíèå)
        ìåòîäû è ñðåäñòâà óíè÷òîæåíèÿ áîëåçíåòâîðíûõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ íà ïóòÿõ ïåðåäà÷è îò èñòî÷íèêà èíôåêöèè ê çäîðîâîìó îðãàíèçìó. Îñíîâíàÿ çàäà÷à Ä. — ïðåðûâàíèå ìåõàíèçìà ïåðåäà÷è èíôåêöèè îáåççàðàæèâàíèåì ðàçëè÷íûõ îáúåêòîâ (âîäà, ïèùåâûå ïðîäóêòû, ïðåäìåòû áûòîâîé îáñòàíîâêè è äð.).
         Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ Ä. èñïîëüçóþò áèîëîãè÷åñêèå, ôèçè÷åñêèå è õèìè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ìåòîä ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ñòî÷íûõ âîä íà î÷èñòíûõ ñîîðóæåíèÿõ è â áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îêèñëèòåëüíûõ ïðóäàõ. Íàèáîëåå óïîòðåáèòåëüíû ôèçè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà: âûñîêàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà (ñóõîé è âëàæíûé ãîðÿ÷èé âîçäóõ), âîäÿíîé ïàð ïðè íîðìàëüíîì è ïîâûøåííîì äàâëåíèè, êèïÿùàÿ âîäà, îãîíü. Èíîãäà ïðèìåíÿþò ýëåêòðè÷åñòâî (äëÿ èîíèçàöèè âîçäóõà) è óëüòðàôèîëåòîâûå ëó÷è. Äëÿ Ä. ïîëüçóþòñÿ è ìåõàíè÷åñêîé î÷èñòêîé çàðàæ¸ííûõ îáúåêòîâ: ÷èñòêà îäåæäû, êîâðîâ ù¸òêàìè, ìåáåëè è ïîìåùåíèÿ ïûëåñîñîì, ïðîâåòðèâàíèå è âëàæíàÿ óáîðêà ïîìåùåíèé, ìûòü¸, ñòèðêà è ò.ä. Ìåõàíè÷åñêèå ñïîñîáû íå óíè÷òîæàþò çàðàçíîãî íà÷àëà, à òîëüêî óäàëÿþò åãî, ñíèæàÿ òåì ñàìûì âîçìîæíîñòü çàðàæåíèÿ ëþäåé. Õèìè÷åñêèå ïðåïàðàòû (Äåçèíôåêöèîííûå ñðåäñòâà) ïðèìåíÿþò ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà çàòðóäíåíî èñïîëüçîâàíèå äð. ñðåäñòâ. Ðàçëè÷àþò ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ, òåêóùóþ è çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ Ä. Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ Ä. îñóùåñòâëÿþò íåçàâèñèìî îò íàëè÷èÿ èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëüíûõ äëÿ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ çàáîëåâàíèé èëè èõ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ â êîëëåêòèâàõ. Îáåççàðàæèâàíèþ ïîäâåðãàþò ïèòüåâûå è ñòî÷íûå âîäû, ïîñóäó ó÷ðåæäåíèé îáùåñòâåííîãî ïèòàíèÿ, ìóñîð, ïîìåùåíèÿ ìàãàçèíîâ, âîêçàëîâ, áàíü è äð. îáùåñòâåííûõ ìåñò. Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ Ä. öåëåñîîáðàçíà ëèøü ïðè ïîñòîÿííîì íåïðåðûâíîì å¸ ïðîâåäåíèè (íàïðèìåð, õëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû, ïàñòåðèçàöèÿ ìîëîêà, ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ âëàæíàÿ óáîðêà ïîìåùåíèé, ìûòü¸ ðóê è ò.ä.). Îñóùåñòâëÿþò ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ Ä. õîçÿéñòâåííûå îðãàíû èëè îòäåëåíèÿ Ä. ñàíèòàðíî-ýïèäåìèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñòàíöèé. Òåêóùóþ Ä. ïðîâîäÿò â ëå÷åáíûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ è êâàðòèðàõ äëÿ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ ðàññåèâàíèÿ âîçáóäèòåëåé áîëåçíè îò áîëüíîãî ê îêðóæàþùèì è íà ïðåäìåòû áûòîâîé è ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé îáñòàíîâêè. Òåêóùàÿ Ä. äîëæíà áûòü ìàêñèìàëüíî ïðèáëèæåíà ê ìîìåíòó âûäåëåíèÿ âîçáóäèòåëÿ èç îðãàíèçìà áîëüíîãî: ïðè êèøå÷íûõ èíôåêöèÿõ — àêò äåôåêàöèè è ìî÷åèñïóñêàíèÿ (íàïðèìåð, õëîðèðîâàíèå óáîðíûõ), ïðè ãðèáêîâûõ áîëåçíÿõ — ñìåíà ïîâÿçîê, áåëüÿ, ÷óëîê èëè íîñêîâ è ò.ä. Òåêóùóþ Ä. íà äîìó îðãàíèçóþò ìåäèöèíñêèå ðàáîòíèêè ïîëèêëèíèêè, ñàíèòàðíî-ýïèäåìèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñòàíöèé, à òàêæå ñàìè áîëüíûå èëè îêðóæàþùèå èõ ëèöà. Çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ Ä. ïðîâîäÿò ðàáîòíèêè äåçèíôåêöèîííîé ñëóæáû â ýïèäåìè÷åñêèõ î÷àãàõ ïîñëå ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè èëè ñìåðòè áîëüíîãî. Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîé Ä. øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿþò êàìåðíîå îáåççàðàæèâàíèå (âåðõíÿÿ îäåæäà, êîâðû, ïîñòåëüíûå ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè), êèïÿ÷åíèå (áåëü¸, ïîñóäà, èãðóøêè è ò.ï.), âëàæíóþ îáðàáîòêó âåùåé ïîìåùåíèé è ìåáåëè ðàñòâîðîì õèìè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ.
         Ëèò.: Âàøêîâ Â. È., Äåçèíôåêöèÿ, äåçèíñåêöèÿ è äåðàòèçàöèÿ, Ì., 1956.
         Â. È. Âàøêîâ.
         Ä. â âåòåðèíàðèè. Îáúåêòàìè Ä. ÿâëÿþòñÿ æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèå ïîìåùåíèÿ (êîíþøíè, êîðîâíèêè, ñâèíàðíèêè è ò.ä.); ïðåäìåòû óõîäà çà æèâîòíûìè è ñáðóÿ; òðàíñïîðòíûå ñðåäñòâà, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ ïåðåâîçêè æèâîòíûõ è ïðîäóêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ; ìåñòà óáîÿ æèâîòíûõ, ïåðåðàáîòêè è õðàíåíèÿ ïðîäóêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ (ìÿñîêîìáèíàòû, õîëîäèëüíèêè, ñûðüåâûå ñêëàäû, ìîëî÷íàÿ àïïàðàòóðà è ïîñóäà); ðûáîõîçÿéñòâåííûå âîäî¸ìû, íàâîç. Ïî íàçíà÷åíèþ Ä. áûâàåò: ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ (ïðåäóïðåäèòåëüíàÿ) — äî âûÿâëåíèÿ èíôåêöèîííîé áîëåçíè; òåêóùàÿ (âûíóæäåííàÿ) — ïðè íàëè÷èè áîëüíûõ; çàêëþ÷èòåëüíàÿ — ñ öåëüþ ïîëíîãî îñâîáîæäåíèÿ î÷àãà èíôåêöèè îò âîçáóäèòåëåé áîëåçíè.
         Ä. îñóùåñòâëÿþò â îñíîâíîì ôèçè÷åñêèìè èëè õèìè÷åñêèìè ñïîñîáàìè, êàê ïðàâèëî, ïîñëå ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîé ìåõàíè÷åñêîé î÷èñòêè. Èç ôèçè÷åñêèõ ñïîñîáîâ øèðîêîå ïðèìåíåíèå íàõîäèò óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîå îáëó÷åíèå (íåêîòîðûå æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèå ïîìåùåíèÿ, ïîìåùåíèÿ äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ ïðîäóêòîâ ïåðåðàáîòêè). Íàèáîëåå ðàäèêàëåí õèìè÷åñêèé ñïîñîá, çàêëþ÷àþùèéñÿ â íàíåñåíèè íà îáúåêòû ðàçëè÷íûõ õèìè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ (ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíåå â âèäå àýðîçîëåé). Âûáîð õèìè÷åñêîãî âåùåñòâà, åãî êîíöåíòðàöèÿ è ÷àñòîòà Ä. îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ â êàæäîì îòäåëüíîì ñëó÷àå â çàâèñèìîñòè îò õàðàêòåðà äåçèíôèöèðóåìîãî îáúåêòà è ðîäà âîçáóäèòåëÿ áîëåçíè. Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè Ä. ñîáëþäàþòñÿ ïðàâèëà òåõíèêè áåçîïàñíîñòè.
         Ëèò.: Ïîëÿêîâ À. À., Âåòåðèíàðíàÿ äåçèíôåêöèÿ, 3 èçä., Ì., 1964; ðíûõ Â. Ñ., Ïðèìåíåíèå àýðîçîëåé â âåòåðèíàðèè, Ì., 1962.
Ñîâðåìåííàÿ Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ
ÄÅÇÈÍÔÅÊÖÈß {îò äå... (äåç...) è íà ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ëàòûíè infectio - çàðàæåíèå}, êîìïëåêñ ìåð ïî óíè÷òîæåíèþ âîçáóäèòåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé ÷åëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ âî âíåøíåé ñðåäå ôèçè÷åñêèì, õèìè÷åñêèì è áèîëîãè÷åñêèì ìåòîäàìè. Ðàçëè÷àþò äåçèíôåêöèþ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ (âàãîíîâ, ïèùåâûõ îáúåêòîâ è ò.ä.), òåêóùóþ (äåçèíôåêöèÿ îêðóæàþùèõ áîëüíîãî ïðåäìåòîâ) è çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ (íàïðèìåð, ïîñëå ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè áîëüíîãî).
Ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ
I
Äåçèíôåêöèÿ (ôðàíö. ïðèñòàâêà des- óíè÷òîæåíèå, óäàëåíèå + Èíôåêöèÿ
ñîâîêóïíîñòü ìåð, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà óíè÷òîæåíèå â îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå âîçáóäèòåëåé çàðàçíûõ áîëåçíåé. Âõîäèò â êîìïëåêñ ïðîòèâîýïèäåìè÷åñêèõ è ñàíèòàðíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé (ñì. <<Ïðîòèâîýïèäåìè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ>>, <<Ñàíèòàðíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ>>). Ðàçëè÷àþò ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ Ä. è äåçèíôåêöèþ â ýïèäåìè÷åñêîì î÷àãå, êîòîðàÿ, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, äåëèòñÿ íà òåêóùóþ è çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ.
Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ Ä. ïðîâîäÿò ñ öåëüþ ïðåäóïðåäèòü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå âîçáóäèòåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ìåñòàõ ñêîïëåíèÿ ëþäåé (â äåòñêèõ êîëëåêòèâàõ, ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ îáùåñòâåííîãî ïèòàíèÿ, ìåäèöèíñêèõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ). Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè ìåòîäàìè ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîé Ä. ÿâëÿþòñÿ: ñâîåâðåìåííàÿ âëàæíàÿ óáîðêà ïîìåùåíèé, î÷èñòêà òåððèòîðèè ñ âûâîçîì ìóñîðà, íå÷èñòîò è ðàçëè÷íûõ îòõîäîâ, õëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû, êèïÿ÷åíèå (íàïðèìåð, ïîñóäû, áåëüÿ, óáîðî÷íîãî ìàòåðèàëà, èãðóøåê), îáåçâðåæèâàíèå è î÷èñòêà âîçäóõà è äð.
Òåêóùóþ Ä. ïðîâîäÿò â ïðèñóòñòâèè áîëüíîãî äî åãî ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè, â ñëó÷àå îñòàâëåíèÿ åãî íà äîìó, à òàêæå â èíôåêöèîííûõ, ïðîòèâîòóáåðêóëåçíûõ, ðîäîâñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ è ïîëèêëèíèêàõ ñ öåëüþ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ âíóòðèáîëüíè÷íûõ èíôåêöèé. Ïðè ýòîì ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêè îáåççàðàæèâàþò îáúåêòû, ÿâëÿþùèåñÿ ôàêòîðîì ïåðåäà÷è âîçáóäèòåëåé òîé èëè èíîé èíôåêöèè, — âûäåëåíèÿ áîëüíîãî, ïîñóäó, áåëüå, ïðåäìåòû óõîäà çà áîëüíûì è äðóãèå ïðåäìåòû, áûâøèå â åãî ïîëüçîâàíèè, ïðîâîäÿò åæåäíåâíî âëàæíóþ óáîðêó ïîìåùåíèÿ ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ñðåäñòâ. Òåêóùàÿ Ä. ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåò ñòðîãîå ñîáëþäåíèå ïðàâèë ëè÷íîé ãèãèåíû áîëüíûì è óõàæèâàþùèì ïåðñîíàëîì.
Òåêóùóþ Ä. îðãàíèçóåò â ñòàöèîíàðàõ ïåðñîíàë ëå÷åáíûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé, à íà äîìó ó áîëüíîãî — ó÷àñòêîâûé âðà÷, ôåëüäøåð ÔÀÏ èëè ïîìîùíèê ýïèäåìèîëîãà ÑÝÑ. Êîíòðîëü è ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ðóêîâîäñòâî çà ïðàâèëüíûì ïðîâåäåíèåì òåêóùåé Ä. âîçëàãàåòñÿ íà äåçèíôåêöèîííóþ ñòàíöèþ (<<Äåçèíôåêöèîííàÿ ñòàíöèÿ>>) èëè äåçèíôåêöèîííûé îòäåë ÑÝÑ. Íåïîñðåäñòâåííûìè èñïîëíèòåëÿìè òåêóùåé Ä. ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñïåöèàëüíî îáó÷åííûé ñðåäíèé ìåäïåðñîíàë â ëå÷åáíûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ èëè óõàæèâàþùèå çà áîëüíûì ëþäè â äîìàøíèõ óñëîâèÿõ. Ïðîâåäåíèå òåêóùåé Ä. íà äîìó ïðåêðàùàþò ïî óêàçàíèþ ëå÷àùåãî âðà÷à ïîñëå ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè èëè âûçäîðîâëåíèÿ áîëüíîãî.
Çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ Ä. ïðîâîäÿò ïîñëå âûçäîðîâëåíèÿ, èçîëÿöèè, ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè èëè ñìåðòè èíôåêöèîííîãî áîëüíîãî.  ñòàöèîíàðå çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ Ä. ïðîâîäÿò â ïàëàòå ïîñëå îäíîìîìåíòíîé âûïèñêè áîëüíûõ èëè ïîñëå âûïèñêè áîëüíîãî èç áîêñà, ïåðåä òåêóùèì ðåìîíòîì, ïðè ïåðåïðîôèëèðîâàíèè ïàëàòû, îòäåëåíèÿ. Öåëü çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîé Ä. — ïîëíîå îñâîáîæäåíèå î÷àãà èíôåêöèè îò âîçáóäèòåëåé çàáîëåâàíèé. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîé Ä. îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñðîêàìè è ïîëíîòîé åå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïîñëå óäàëåíèÿ áîëüíîãî èç î÷àãà.  ãîðîäàõ åå ïðîâîäÿò â ïåðâûå 6 ÷ ïîñëå ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè áîëüíîãî, à â ñåëüñêîé ìåñòíîñòè — íå ïîçæå ÷åì ÷åðåç 12 ÷. Çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ Ä. â î÷àãàõ èíôåêöèè ïðîâîäÿò ðàáîòíèêè äåçèíôåêöèîííûõ ñòàíöèé, äåçèíôåêöèîííûõ îòäåëîâ (îòäåëåíèé) ÑÝÑ è ñåëüñêèõ ó÷àñòêîâûõ áîëüíèö.  ñòàöèîíàðàõ çàêëþ÷èòåëüíóþ Ä. ïðîâîäèò ïåðñîíàë áîëüíèöû (îòäåëåíèÿ).
Äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ â îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå âîçáóäèòåëåé çàðàçíûõ áîëåçíåé ïðèìåíÿþò ìåòîäû ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ è õèìè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà. Ê ôàêòîðàì ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ îòíîñÿòñÿ âûñîêàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà (êèïÿ÷åíèå, îáðàáîòêà ïàðîì, ñóõèì ãîðÿ÷èì âîçäóõîì), òîêè âûñîêîé ÷àñòîòû, óëüòðàçâóê, ÓÔ-ëó÷è. Êðîìå òîãî, ïðèìåíÿþò ìåõàíè÷åñêèå ñïîñîáû Ä. (ìûòüå âîäîé ñ äîáàâëåíèåì ê íåé 1—2% ðàñòâîðà ãèäðîêàðáîíàòà íàòðèÿ èëè ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, ÷èñòêà ùåòêîé, ïûëåñîñîì, âûòðÿõèâàíèå, âûêîëà÷èâàíèå).
Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè õèìè÷åñêèìè ñðåäñòâàìè Ä. ÿâëÿþòñÿ õëîðàêòèâíûå, ôåíîëüíûå, ÷åòâåðòè÷íûå àììîíèåâûå, ïåðåêèñíûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ. Õèìè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà äîëæíû îáëàäàòü õîðîøåé ðàñòâîðèìîñòüþ â âîäå, âûçûâàòü ãèáåëü âîçáóäèòåëåé â êîðîòêèå ñðîêè, ñîõðàíÿòü ñâîþ àêòèâíîñòü â ïðèñóòñòâèè îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ, áûòü íåòîêñè÷íûìè èëè ìàëîòîêñè÷íûìè äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ, íå èìåòü ðåçêîãî íåïðèÿòíîãî çàïàõà è íå ïîðòèòü îáåççàðàæèâàåìûõ ïðåäìåòîâ. Õèìè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà ÷àùå ïðèìåíÿþò â âèäå âîäíûõ ðàñòâîðîâ èëè ñóñïåíçèé.
Õëîðàêòèâíûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ ðàçäåëÿþò íà íåîðãàíè÷åñêèå è îðãàíè÷åñêèå õëîðñîäåðæàùèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ.
Ê íåîðãàíè÷åñêèì îòíîñÿòñÿ õëîðíàÿ èçâåñòü, èçâåñòü áåëèëüíàÿ, íåéòðàëüíûé ãèïîõëîðèò êàëüöèÿ (ÍÃÊ), ãèïîõëîðèò êàëüöèÿ òåõíè÷åñêèé (ÃÊÒ), ãèïîõëîðèò íàòðèÿ.
Õëîðíàÿ èçâåñòü (ñìåñü ñîëåé êàëüöèÿ, ñîäåðæàùàÿ 28—35% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà) — ïîðîøîê áåëîãî öâåòà ñ çàïàõîì õëîðà; âåùåñòâî íåñòîéêîå, òðåáóþùåå õðàíåíèÿ â çàêðûòîé ïëîòíîé òàðå â ñóõîì, ïðîõëàäíîì ïîìåùåíèè. Ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â âèäå ñóõîãî ïîðîøêà (êîòîðûé ñìåøèâàþò ñ âûäåëåíèÿìè è îñòàòêàìè ïèùè), îñâåòëåííûõ ðàñòâîðîâ è õëîðíî-èçâåñòêîâîãî ìîëîêà. Îñâåòëåííûå 10—20% ðàñòâîðû õëîðíîé èçâåñòè ãîòîâÿò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: 1—2 êã õëîðíîé èçâåñòè ðàñòèðàþò â íåáîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå âîäû äî ñîñòîÿíèÿ êàøèöû. Çàòåì äîáàâëÿþò âîäó äî 10 ë, ïåðåìåøèâàþò äî îáðàçîâàíèÿ îäíîðîäíîé âçâåñè è îñòàâëÿþò äëÿ îòñòàèâàíèÿ â ñòåêëÿííîé òåìíîé ïîñóäå ñ ïðîáêîé íà 24 ÷. Ïîñëå ýòîãî îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð îñòîðîæíî ñëèâàþò èëè îòôèëüòðîâûâàþò â àíàëîãè÷íóþ ïîñóäó. Èç ïðèãîòîâëåííîãî îñíîâíîãî îñâåòëåííîãî 10—20% ðàñòâîðà õëîðíîé èçâåñòè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïåðåä äåçèíôåêöèåé ãîòîâÿò ðàáî÷èå îñâåòëåííûå ðàñòâîðû íóæíûõ êîíöåíòðàöèé, íàïðèìåð, äëÿ ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ 0,5% ðàáî÷åãî ðàñòâîðà íà 1 âåäðî âîäû (10 ë) áåðóò 500 ìë îñíîâíîãî 10% ðàñòâîðà, äëÿ ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ 1% ðàáî÷åãî ðàñòâîðà — 1000 ìë îñíîâíîãî 10% ðàñòâîðà è ò.ä.
Äëÿ ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ àêòèâèðîâàííûõ ðàñòâîðîâ õëîðíîé èçâåñòè ê îòìåðåííîìó îáúåìó ðàáî÷åãî îñâåòëåííîãî ðàñòâîðà äîáàâëÿþò àêòèâàòîð (õëîðèñòûé, àçîòíîêèñëûé, ñåðíîêèñëûé àììîíèé, àììèàê). Àììîíèéíûå ñîëè äîáàâëÿþò â êîëè÷åñòâå, ðàâíîì ïî âåñó êîëè÷åñòâó àêòèâíîãî õëîðà â ðàñòâîðå äàííîé êîíöåíòðàöèè. Àììèàê äîáàâëÿþò â êîëè÷åñòâå, â 8 ðàç ìåíüøåì. Ðàñòâîð ýíåðãè÷íî ïåðåìåøèâàþò äåðåâÿííîé ëîïàòêîé äî ïîëíîãî ðàñòâîðåíèÿ àêòèâàòîðà è íåìåäëåííî ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè.
Õëîðíî-èçâåñòêîâîå ìîëîêî 10—20% êîíöåíòðàöèè ãîòîâÿò èç êàøèöû, ïîëó÷àåìîé âûøåîïèñàííûì ñïîñîáîì; ê êàøèöå äîáàâëÿþò âîäó äî 10 ë (â îáðàçîâàâøåéñÿ æèäêîñòè íå äîëæíî áûòü êîìêîâ). Ðàñòâîð ïîäëåæèò íåìåäëåííîìó èñïîëüçîâàíèþ. Èçâåñòü áåëèëüíàÿ òåðìîñòîéêàÿ — ïîðîøîê, ñòàáèëüíûé ïðè õðàíåíèè ïðîäóêò, ñîäåðæàùèé äî 35% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ òàê æå, êàê è õëîðíàÿ èçâåñòü. Íåéòðàëüíûé ãèïîõëîðèò êàëüöèÿ (ÍÃÊ) — ïîðîøîê, ñîäåðæàùèé â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîðòà 70, 60 èëè 50% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Ïðèìåíÿþò ÍÃÊ, òàê æå, êàê è õëîðíóþ èçâåñòü, äëÿ òàê íàçûâàåìîé ãðóáîé äåçèíôåêöèè (òóàëåòû, ìàëîöåííûå âåùè, óáîðî÷íûé èíâåíòàðü, âûäåëåíèÿ áîëüíîãî). Ãèïîõëîðèò êàëüöèÿ òåõíè÷åñêèé (ÃÊÒ) — ïîðîøîê, ñîäåðæàùèé â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîðòà 40% (À) è 35% (Â) àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Îáëàäàåò áàêòåðèöèäíûì, âèðóëèöèäíûì, ôóíãèöèäíûì è ñïîðîöèäíûì äåéñòâèåì.
Ãèïîõëîðèò íàòðèÿ — æèäêîñòü, ñîäåðæàùàÿ 9,5—17% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Íå ñòîåê ïðè õðàíåíèè, íå ïîäëåæèò òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå íà äëèòåëüíûå ðàññòîÿíèÿ (áîëåå 100 êì). Ãèïîõëîðèò íàòðèÿ, ïîëó÷àåìûé ýëåêòðîõèìè÷åñêèì ïóòåì, — ÏÝÐÕÍ, ðåêîìåíäîâàí äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ ñ öåëüþ äåçèíôåêöèè ïîìåùåíèé è îáúåêòîâ â íèõ. Ìàòî÷íûé ðàñòâîð ÏÝÐÕÍ ñîäåðæèò 0,5—0,69% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Ïðåïàðàò îáëàäàåò áàêòåðèöèäíûì, âèðóëèöèäíûì, ñïîðîöèäíûì è ôóíãèöèäíûì äåéñòâèåì è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ.
Ê îðãàíè÷åñêèì õëîðñîäåðæàùèì ñîåäèíåíèÿì îòíîñÿò õëîðàìèí Á, äåçàì, ÄÏ-2, äèõëîð-1, ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèí, õëîðöèí, õëîðäåçèí. Õëîðàìèí Á — ïîðîøîê, ñîäåðæàùèé 26—27% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Äîáàâëåíèå àêòèâàòîðîâ — ñîëåé àììîíèÿ â ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:1 ê àêòèâíîìó õëîðó èëè àììèàêà â ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:8 ïîâûøàåò àêòèâíîñòü õëîðàìèíà. Àêòèâèðîâàííûå ðàñòâîðû ïðèìåíÿþò â áîëåå íèçêèõ êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ. Àíàëîãîì õëîðàìèíà Á ÿâëÿåòñÿ õëîðàìèí ÕÁ, èñïîëüçóåìûé â òåõ æå êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ.
Äåçàì — ïîðîøîê, ñîçäàííûé íà îñíîâå ìîíîõëîðàìèíà Â, ñîäåðæàùèé 13% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. ÄÏ-2 — ïîðîøîê ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì 40% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Äèõëîð-1 — ïîðîøîê ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì 7% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèí — ïîðîøîê êðåìîâîãî öâåòà, ñ óìåðåííûì çàïàõîì õëîðà. Ïðåïàðàò ñîçäàí íà îñíîâå äèõëîðäèìåòèëãèäàíòèíà è ñîäåðæèò 15,6% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Âîäíûå ðàñòâîðû ïðîçðà÷íû, îáëàäàþò ñìà÷èâàþùèìè è ìîþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Ïðåïàðàò îáëàäàåò áàêòåðèöèäíûìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Õëîðöèí — ïîðîøîê íà îñíîâå íàòðèåâîé (êàëèåâîé) ñîëè äèõëîðèçîöèàíóðîâîé êèñëîòû (ÄÕÖÊ); ñîäåðæèò 11—15% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Õëîðäåçèí — ïîðîøîê, â ñîñòàâå êîòîðîãî 20% êàëèåâîé ñîëè ÄÕÖÊ; ñîäåðæèò 10—12% àêòèâíîãî õëîðà. Îáëàäàåò ìîþùèì äåéñòâèåì.
Ê ôåíîëüíûì ñîåäèíåíèÿì îòíîñÿòñÿ ëèçîë è õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîë. Ëèçîë — æèäêîñòü, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùàÿ ñîáîé ñìåñü ÷èñòûõ êðåçîëîâ è êàëèéíîãî ìûëà. Ïðåïàðàò âûïóñêàåòñÿ ïðîìûøëåííîñòüþ äâóõ ìàðîê (À è Á). Ëèçîë ìàðêè À (ëèçîë ñàíèòàðíûé) ñîäåðæèò 50% êðåçîëà, ëèçîë ìàðêè Á (íàôòàëèçîë) — 32% êðåçîëà. Õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîë — ïàñòà òåìíîãî öâåòà, ñîñòîÿùàÿ èç êàëèéíîãî ìûëà è ïðåïàðàòà õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîëà è ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:2; äîëæíà ñîäåðæàòü íå ìåíåå 33,3% õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîëà.
×åòâåðòè÷íûå àììîíèåâûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ — ïîâåðõíîñòíî-àêòèâíûå âåùåñòâà; ïî øèðîòå àíòèìèêðîáíîãî ñïåêòðà óñòóïàþò õëîðàêòèâíûì è ôåíîëüíûì ñîåäèíåíèÿì, íî õîðîøàÿ ðàñòâîðèìîñòü â âîäå. îòñóòñòâèå çàïàõà è êîððîçèðóþùèõ ñâîéñòâ, ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåâûñîêàÿ òîêñè÷íîñòü äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà äåëàþò èõ öåííûìè äåçèíôèöèðóþùèìè ñðåäñòâàìè. Ê íèì îòíîñÿò íèðòàí è àìôîëàí. Íèðòàí — ïðåïàðàò, ñîçäàííûé íà îñíîâå àëêèëòðèìåòèëàììîíèÿ õëîðèäà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïîðîøîê, îáëàäàþùèé ìîþùèì äåéñòâèåì. Àìôîëàí — ñìåñü êàòèîííûõ è àìôîëèòíûõ ïîâåðõíîñòíî-àêòèâíûõ âåùåñòâ. Âîäíûå ðàñòâîðû îáëàäàþò õîðîøèìè ìîþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè.
Ê ïåðåêèñíûì ñîåäèíåíèÿì îòíîñÿòñÿ ïåðãèäðîëü è äèçîêñîí-1. Ïåðãèäðîëü — 30—33% âîäíûé ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà. Êîìïëåêñ ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ ïîâåðõíîñòíî-àêòèâíûìè âåùåñòâàìè â ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:0,5 îáëàäàåò ìîþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè. Äåçîêñîí-1 — áåñöâåòíàÿ æèäêîñòü, ñîäåðæàùàÿ 5—6% íàäóêñóñíîé êèñëîòû, ïåðåêèñü âîäîðîäà è äðóãèå êîìïîíåíòû; ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â 0,1% (ïî íàäóêñóñíîé êèñëîòå) ðàñòâîðàõ.
Ïîìèìî ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ èìåþòñÿ è äðóãèå äåçèíôèöèðóþùèå ñðåäñòâà, íå âõîäÿùèå íè â îäíó èç íàçâàííûõ ãðóïï.
Ãèáèòàí-ãëþêîíàò (õëîðãåêñèäèí) — ïðîçðà÷íûé ðàñòâîð, ñîäåðæàùèé 20% õëîðãåêñèäèíà ãëþêîíàòà.  0,5% êîíöåíòðàöèè ïðåïàðàò ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ õèðóðãè÷åñêîãî èíñòðóìåíòàðèÿ, ðóê ìåäïåðñîíàëà è äð.
Ìåòàñèëèêàò íàòðèÿ — íàòðèåâàÿ ñîëü ìåòàêðåìíèåâîé êèñëîòû: àêòèâåí òîëüêî â îòíîøåíèè ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ êèøå÷íîé ãðóïïû.
Óêñóñíàÿ êèñëîòà (40% ðàñòâîð); ïðèìåíÿþò ÷àùå âñåãî äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ îáóâè â öåëÿõ ïðîôèëàêòèêè ãðèáêîâûõ çàáîëåâàíèé.
Ôîðìàëèí (40% ðàñòâîð ôîðìàëüäåãèäà); ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè â ãàçîîáðàçíîì ñîñòîÿíèè è äëÿ îáðàáîòêè âåùåé â äåçèíôåêöèîííûõ êàìåðàõ; íå ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ âëàæíîé äåçèíôåêöèè îáúåêòîâ, ïîäâåðæåííûõ êîððîçèè.
Ãëóòàðîâûé àëüäåãèä (25% ðàáî÷èé ðàñòâîð); îáëàäàåò áàêòåðèöèäíûì, âèðóëèöèäíûì, òóáåðêóëèöèäíûì è ñïîðîöèäíûì äåéñòâèåì. Åãî ðàñòâîðû èñïîëüçóþò ïðè äåçèíôåêöèè è ñòåðèëèçàöèè èíñòðóìåíòîâ.
Ãàçîîáðàçíàÿ ñìåñü îêèñè ýòèëåíà è áðîìèñòîãî ìåòèëà â ñîîòíîøåíèè 40:60 (ñìåñü ÎÁ) â äîçå 400 ã/ì3 ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïîìåùåíèé.
Ìîþùå-äåçèíôèöèðóþùèå ñðåäñòâà: «Áåëêà» — îòáåëèâàþùå-äåçèíôèöèðóþùåå ñðåäñòâî; Ï×Ä — ÷èñòÿùåå ñ äåçèíôèöèðóþùåé äîáàâêîé ñðåäñòâî: «Áëåñê-2» — ÷èñòÿùå-äåçèíôèöèðóþùåå ñðåäñòâî; «Ñàíèòà» — ïàñòà ñ äåçèíôèöèðóþùåé äîáàâêîé; «Äåçóñ» — ïîðîøîê ñ äåçèíôèöèðóþùåé äîáàâêîé; ìîþùèå ñðåäñòâà «Àñòðà», «Ëîòîñ», «Íîâîñòü» äîáàâëÿþò ê ðàñòâîðàì õëîðàìèíà è ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà, «Ëîòîñ» — ê ðàñòâîðàì äåçîêñîíà-1.
Íà ðàáîòå, à òàêæå â áûòó âîçìîæíû îòðàâëåíèÿ âåùåñòâàìè, ïðèìåíÿåìûìè äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè. Ïðè èíãàëÿöèîííîì ïóòè èõ ïîïàäàíèÿ â îðãàíèçì ïîðàæàþòñÿ äûõàòåëüíûå ïóòè (ñì. <<Îòðàâëåíèå>>, òàáëèöà, Àëüäåãèäû, Àììèàê, Õëîð), ïðè ïåðîðàëüíîì — ðàçâèâàåòñÿ õèìè÷åñêèé îæîã ïèùåâàðèòåëüíîãî òðàêòà (ñì. <<Îòðàâëåíèÿ>>, òàáëèöà, Àëüäåãèäû, Êèñëîòû êðåïêèå, Ôåíîëû, Ùåëî÷è åäêèå). Íàèáîëåå òîêñè÷íûìè äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà ÿâëÿþòñÿ õëîðñîäåðæàùèå ïðåïàðàòû, àëüäåãèäû, óêñóñíàÿ êèñëîòà. Ìîþùèå ñðåäñòâà, êàê ïðàâèëî, îæîãà íå âûçûâàþò, îòìå÷àåòñÿ ëåãêîå ðàçäðàæåíèå ñëèçèñòûõ îáîëî÷åê ïèùåâàðèòåëüíîãî òðàêòà, îäíàêî îíè ìîãóò áûòü ïðè÷èíîé ðàçâèòèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ àëëåðãè÷åñêèõ ðåàêöèé. Îáùèå ïðèíöèïû äèàãíîñòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ îòðàâëåíèé — ñì. <<Îòðàâëåíèÿ>>.
Ìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè: ðàáîòó ïðîâîäèòü â õàëàòå, ðåçèíîâûõ ïåð÷àòêàõ è ðåñïèðàòîðå; âî âðåìÿ ðàáîòû íåëüçÿ êóðèòü, ïðèíèìàòü ïèùó, ïèòü âîäó; âî âðåìÿ ïåðåðûâà è ïî îêîí÷àíèè ðàáîòû íàäî ñíÿòü ñïåöîäåæäó è âûìûòü ðóêè òåïëîé âîäîé ñ ìûëîì, îáìûòü ëèöî è ïðîïîëîñêàòü ðîò. Ëèöà, ïðîæèâàþùèå â îáðàáàòûâàåìûõ ïîìåùåíèÿõ, äîëæíû íà âðåìÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ Ä. ïîêèíóòü èõ; çàõîäèòü â ýòè ïîìåùåíèÿ ðàçðåøàåòñÿ ïîñëå èíòåíñèâíîãî ïðîâåòðèâàíèÿ íå ìåíåå ÷åì â òå÷åíèå 1 ÷.  òàáëèöå ïðèâåäåíû ñâåäåíèÿ î òåêóùåé è çàêëþ÷èòåëüíîé Ä. ïðè îòäåëüíûõ èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíÿõ, â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ îíè ñîâïàäàþò.
Ñì. òàêæå <<Îáìûâî÷íî-äåçèíôåêöèîííàÿ òåõíèêà>>.


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| Èíôåêöèîííûå     | Îáúåêòû, ïîäëåæàùèå       | Äåçèíôåêöèÿ                                                                                                                 |
| áîëåçíè                | îáåççàðàæèâàíèþ               |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             |                                           | òåêóùàÿ                                                | çàêëþ÷èòåëüíàÿ                                              |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1                          | 2                                        | 3                                                           | 4                                                                     |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Áðþøíîé òèô       | Âûäåëåíèÿ áîëüíûõ           | Â ïîäêëàäíîå ñóäíî, áàê, ãîðøîê èëè äðóãóþ åìêîñòü, ñîäåðæàùóþ âûäåëåíèÿ,           |
|                             | (ðâîòíûå ìàññû, ôåêàëèè,  | äîáàâëÿþò: õëîðíóþ èçâåñòü èëè èçâåñòü áåëèëüíóþ òåðìîñòîéêóþ èç ðàñ÷åòà             |
|                             | ìî÷à)                                 | 1:5 èëè ãèïîõëîðèò êàëüöèÿ òåõíè÷åñêèé (ÃÊÒ) 1:10, âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ                         |
|                             |                                           | (ýêñïîçèöèÿ) 1 ÷; íåéòðàëüíûé ãèïîõëîðèò êàëüöèÿ (ÍÃÊ) èç ðàñ÷åòà 150 ã íà 1 êã           |
|                             |                                           | âûäåëåíèé, âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ 2 ÷; 15% ðàñòâîð ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ â                       |
|                             |                                           | ñîîòíîøåíèè 2:1; âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ 4 ÷. Â ìî÷ó çàñûïàþò: õëîðíóþ èçâåñòü èëè         |
|                             |                                           | èçâåñòü áåëèëüíóþ òåðìîñòîéêóþ (íîðìà ðàñõîäà 10 ã/ë), èëè ÍÃÊ (5 ã/ë), âðåìÿ           |
|                             |                                           | âîçäåéñòâèÿ 5 ìèí, ÃÊÒ (2 ã/ë), âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ 10 ìèí. Ïîñëå                                  |
|                             |                                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ âûäåëåíèÿ ñëèâàþò â êàíàëèçàöèþ èëè â íàäâîðíóþ óáîðíóþ            |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Ãîðøêè, ïîäêëàäíûå           | Ïîñëå ñëèâà âûäåëåíèé åìêîñòü ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ                     |
|                             | ñóäíà, áàêè, êâà÷è              | ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 1 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 1% îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé           |
|                             |                                           | èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, 0,5% ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 0,2% ðàñòâîð            |
|                             |                                           | ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèÿà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà, 2% ðàñòâîð ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ; íà            |
|                             |                                           | 2 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 1,5% ðàñòâîð ÃÊÒ, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà. Êâà÷è          |
|                             |                                           | ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ õðàíÿò â ñïåöèàëüíîé ïîñóäå ñ îäíèì èç óêàçàííûõ                 |
|                             |                                           | äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ                                                                                        |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Ïîñóäà áîëüíîãî (÷àéíàÿ,   | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ðàñòâîðå ãèäðîêàðáîíàòà íàòðèÿ 15 ìèí èëè ïîãðóæàþò â                         |
|                             | ñòîëîâàÿ), îñâîáîæäåííàÿ  | âåðòèêàëüíîì ïîëîæåíèè â îäèí èç ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 30 ìèí — â 3% ðàñòâîð                     |
|                             | îò îñòàòêîâ ïèùè               | ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, 2% ðàñòâîð ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ,         |
|                             |                                           | 0,5% ðàñòâîð ãèáèòàíà; íà 1 ÷ â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 1% îñâåòëåííûé                      |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, 0,5%                             |
|                             |                                           | îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 0,25% ðàñòâîð ÏÝÐÕÍ, 0,2% ðàñòâîð                                   |
|                             |                                           | ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà, 3% ðàñòâîð íèðòàíà, 2% ðàñòâîð                  |
|                             |                                           | àìôîëàíà, 2% ðàñòâîð äåçîêñîíà-1 (ïî ïðåïàðàòó), 1% ðàñòâîð õëîð-áåòà-                    |
|                             |                                           | íàôòîëà; íà 2 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà, 0,2%                     |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-2. Ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïîñóäó ìîþò ïðîòî÷íîé âîäîé. Â                       |
|                             |                                           | èíôåêöèîííûõ îòäåëåíèÿõ âûìûòóþ ïîñóäó îáåççàðàæèâàþò â âîçäóøíûõ                   |
|                             |                                           | ñòåðèëèçàòîðàõ ïðè 120° â òå÷åíèå 45 ìèí                                                                     |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Âåòîøü, ìî÷àëêè äëÿ         | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ìûëüíî-ñîäîâîì ðàñòâîðå èëè ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà â                     |
|                             | ìûòüÿ ïîñóäû è                 | òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí èëè ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 30               |
|                             | ïîâåðõíîñòåé îáåäåííûõ    | ìèí —â 0,5% ðàñòâîð ãèáèòàíà; íà 1 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 1%                         |
|                             | ñòîëîâ                                | îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé,                 |
|                             |                                           | 0,5% ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 3% ðàñòâîð íèðòàíà, 2% ðàñòâîð àìôîëàíà, 2% ðàñòâîð                 |
|                             |                                           | äåçîêñîíà-1 (ïî ïðåïàðàòó), 0,2% ðàñòâîð ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð                  |
|                             |                                           | äåçàìà, 3% ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, íà 2 ÷ — â             |
|                             |                                           | 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 1% ðàñòâîðà õëîðöèíà, 0,2% ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-2                              |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Îñòàòêè ïèùè                     | Ñîáèðàþò â îòäåëüíóþ ïîñóäó, îáåççàðàæèâàþò êèïÿ÷åíèåì â òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí              |
|                             |                                           | èëè çàñûïàþò ñóõîé õëîðíîé èçâåñòüþ, èçâåñòüþ áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé (1: 5)           |
|                             |                                           | èëè ÍÃÊ (1: 10) íà 1 ÷, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî óâëàæíèâ âîäîé. Ïî îêîí÷àíèè                           |
|                             |                                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ îñòàòêè ïèùè âûëèâàþò â êàíàëèçàöèþ                                               |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Áåëüå áîëüíîãî                  | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ìûëüíî-ñîäîâîì ðàñòâîðå èëè ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà â                     |
|                             | (íàòåëüíîå, ïîñòåëüíîå),    | òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí ëèáî çàìà÷èâàþò â îäíîì èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà              |
|                             | íå çàãðÿçíåííîå                 | 15 ìèí — â 0,5% ðàñòâîðå õëîðäåçèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîðå õëîðöèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîðå           |
|                             | âûäåëåíèÿìè                     | àìôîëàíà, 0,25% ðàñòâîðå äåçàìà, â 2% ðàñòâîðå ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ, íà 30             |
|                             |                                           | ìèí — â 0,125% ðàñòâîðå ÏÝÐÕÍ, 0,1% ðàñòâîðå ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 3%                     |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, 3% ðàñòâîðå íèðòàíà,             |
|                             |                                           | 0,5% ðàñòâîðå ãèáèòàíà, 1% ðàñòâîðå äåçîêñîíà-1 (ïî ïðåïàðàòó); íà 1 ÷ — â               |
|                             |                                           | 0,2% ðàñòâîðå õëîðàìèíà, 1% ðàñòâîðå õëîð-áåòàíàôòîëà. Íîðìà ðàñõîäà — 4            |
|                             |                                           | ë ðàñòâîðà íà 1 êã áåëüÿ                                                                                                |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Áåëüå áîëüíîãî                  | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ìûëüíî-ñîäîâîì ðàñòâîðå èëè ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà â                     |
|                             | (íàòåëüíîå, ïîñòåëüíîå),    | òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí ëèáî çàìà÷èâàþò â îäíîì èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà              |
|                             | çàãðÿçíåííîå                      | 30 ìèí — â 3% ðàñòâîðå ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, íà 1 ÷ —         |
|                             | âûäåëåíèÿìè                     | â 3% ðàñòâîðå íèðòàíà, 1% ðàñòâîðå àìôîëàíà, 2% ðàñòâîðå äåçîêñîíà-1 (ïî              |
|                             |                                           | ïðåïàðàòó), 2% ðàñòâîðå õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîëà, 2% ðàñòâîðå ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ,          |
|                             |                                           | 0,25% ðàñòâîðå ÏÝÐÕÍ; íà 11/2 ÷ — 0,2% ðàñòâîðå ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà; íà 2 ÷ —           |
|                             |                                           | â 1% ðàñòâîðå õëîðöèíà, 1% ðàñòâîðå õëîðäåçèíà, 1% ðàñòâîðå ãèáèòàíà, 0,2%           |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå ÄÏ-2, 1% ðàñòâîðå äåçàìà; íà 4 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîðå õëîðàìèíà. Íîðìà           |
|                             |                                           | ðàñõîäà — 4 ë ðàñòâîðà íà 1 êã áåëüÿ                                                                            |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Ïîñòåëüíûå                        | Ìàòðàöû ïîêðûâàþò êëååíêîé,  | Ñêëàäûâàþò â ìåøêè, êîòîðûå ñâåðõó îðîøàþò          |
|                             | ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè (ïîäóøêè, | ïðè çàãðÿçíåíèè êëååíêó ìîþò   | 1% ðàñòâîðîì õëîðàìèíà è íàïðàâëÿþò äëÿ               |
|                             | ìàòðàöû, îäåÿëà)               | ãîðÿ÷åé âîäîé ñ ìûëîì è          | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ â äåçèíôåêöèîííóþ êàìåðó             |
|                             |                                           | ïðîòèðàþò âåòîøüþ,                 |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ñìî÷åííîé â îäíîì èç               |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðîâ, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ    |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïîìåùåíèé    |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | (ñì. íèæå)                                 |                                                                                    |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Âåðõíÿÿ îäåæäà áîëüíîãî  | Íå ïðîâîäèòñÿ                          | Íàïðàâëÿþò äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ â                            |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | äåçèíôåêöèîííóþ êàìåðó                                           |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Òàïî÷êè áîëüíûõ                | Íå ïðîâîäèòñÿ                          | Ïðîòèðàþò òàìïîíîì, ñìî÷åííûì 25% ðàñòâîðîì       |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | ôîðìàëèíà èëè 40% ðàñòâîðîì óêñóñíîé                    |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | êèñëîòû, óïàêîâûâàþò â ïîëèýòèëåíîâûé ïàêåò           |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | íà 2 ÷, çàòåì âûíèìàþò è ïðîâåòðèâàþò â                   |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | òå÷åíèå 10—12 ÷ äî èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ çàïàõà                   |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | ïðåïàðàòà èëè îáåççàðàæèâàþò â                                |
|                             |                                           |                                                  | ïàðîôîðìàëèíîâûõ êàìåðàõ                                       |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Èãðóøêè (äåðåâÿííûå,        | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ðàñòâîðå ãèäðîêàðáîíàòà íàòðèÿ â òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí (êðîìå                        |
|                             | ïëàñòìàññîâûå,                 | ïëàñòìàññîâûõ), èëè ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 15             |
|                             | ðåçèíîâûå,                         | ìèí — â 0,25% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà, 0,5 ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà,         |
|                             | ìåòàëëè÷åñêèå)                  | 3% ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, 0,1% ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-               |
|                             |                                           | 2,2% ðàñòâîð ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ; íà 30 ìèí — â 0,125% ðàñòâîð ÏÝÐÕÍ, 1%            |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð äåçîêñîíà-1; íà 1 ÷ — â 0,1% ðàñòâîð ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð           |
|                             |                                           | õëîðàìèíà, 0,5% îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé             |
|                             |                                           | òåðìîñòîéêîé, 0,25% îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 1,5% ðàñòâîð íèðòàíà, 1%                   |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð àìôîëàíà, èëè ïðîòèðàþò âåòîøüþ, ñìî÷åííîé â îäíîì èç                               |
|                             |                                           | âûøåíàçâàííûõ ðàñòâîðîâ äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ñðåäñòâ. Ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ           |
|                             |                                           | ïðîìûâàþò âîäîé                                                                                                          |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Êíèãè                                 | Áîëüíîìó êíèã íå âûäàþò, çà    | Ñæèãàþò; öåííûå êíèãè îáåççàðàæèâàþò â                   |
|                             |                                           | èñêëþ÷åíèåì òåõ, êîòîðûå        | äåçèíôåêöèîííîé êàìåðå                                            |
|                             |                                           | ìîæíî ñæå÷ü                             |                                                                                    |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Ïîìåùåíèå (ïîëû, ñòåíû),  | Ïðîòèðàþò âåòîøüþ,                 | Ïðåäìåòû îáñòàíîâêè â ïîìåùåíèè ïðîòèðàþò           |
|                             | ïðåäìåòû îáñòàíîâêè,        | ñìî÷åííîé â îäíîì èç               | èëè îáèëüíî îðîøàþò èç ãèäðîïóëüòà îäíèì èç           |
|                             | ïðåäìåòû óõîäà çà             | äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ:  | óêàçàííûõ äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ. Íîðìà         |
|                             | áîëüíûì, íå                       | â 0,5% ðàñòâîðå õëîðàìèíà,      | ðàñõîäà ïðè îðîøåíèè — 300 ìë/ì2                            |
|                             | âûäåðæèâàþùèå                | 0,5% îñâåòëåííîì ðàñòâîðå      |                                                                                    |
|                             | êèïÿ÷åíèÿ (ïóçûðè äëÿ       | õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè     |                                                                                    |
|                             | ëüäà, ãðåëêè, ïîäêëàäíûå   | áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé,          |                                                                                    |
|                             | êðóãè è äð.), ïîäêëàäíûå    | 0,25% ðàñòâîðå ÍÃÊ, 0,1%        |                                                                                    |
|                             | êëååíêè, êëååí÷àòûå           | ðàñòâîðå ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà,    |                                                                                    |
|                             | ÷åõëû äëÿ ìàòðàöåâ,          | 0,125% ðàñòâîðå ÏÝÐÕÍ,          |                                                                                    |
|                             | êëååí÷àòûå ìåøêè äëÿ       | 0,5% ðàñòâîðå õëîðäåçèíà,       |                                                                                    |
|                             | ãðÿçíîãî áåëüÿ,                  | 0,5% ðàñòâîðå õëîðöèíà,           |                                                                                    |
|                             | êëååí÷àòûå íàãðóäíèêè      | 0,5% ðàñòâîðå äåçàìà, 3%        |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà,        |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | 3% ðàñòâîðå íèðòàíà, 1%          |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå àìôîëàíà, 1%            |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå ãèáèòàíà, 0,5%           |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîëà,    |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | 0,1% ðàñòâîðå ÄË-2; âðåìÿ       |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âîçäåéñòâèÿ 1 ÷; 2% ðàñòâîðå   |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ, 1%          |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðå äåçîêñîíà-1, âðåìÿ     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âîçäåéñòâèÿ 30 ìèí. Íîðìà       |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñõîäà ðàñòâîðà — 200           |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ìë/ì2                                        |                                                                                    |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Ñàíèòàðíî-òåõíè÷åñêîå      | Ïî îêîí÷àíèè ìûòüÿ áîëüíîãî   | Îðîøàþò èëè äâóêðàòíî ïðîòèðàþò âåòîøüþ,             |
|                             | îáîðóäîâàíèå (âàííû,        | ê ñîäåðæèìîìó âàííû               | ñìî÷åííîé â òîì æå äåçèíôèöèðóþùåì                      |
|                             | ðàêîâèíû, óíèòàçû è äð.)    | äîáàâëÿþò èç ðàñ÷åòà íà 10 ë   | ðàñòâîðå. Íîðìà ðàñõîäà äåçèíôèöèðóþùåãî            |
|                             |                                           | ñìûâíûõ âîä 500 ìë 10%          | ðàñòâîðà ïðè îðîøåíèè — 500 ìë/ì2, ïðè                    |
|                             |                                           | îñâåòëåííîãî ðàñòâîðà              | ïðîòèðàíèè — 200 ìë/ì2                                             |
|                             |                                           | õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, 5%     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðà ÍÃÊ. ×åðåç 30 ìèí      |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âàííó îñâîáîæäàþò è                |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | òùàòåëüíî ìîþò ãîðÿ÷åé           |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âîäîé. Ïîë è ñòåíû âàííîé        |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ïîñëå êàæäîé ïðîöåäóðû           |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ìîþò îäíèì èç ðàñòâîðîâ,         |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ                      |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïîìåùåíèé.   |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | Äâåðü, ðó÷êè äâåðè,                  |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ñïóñêîâîãî êðàíà,                      |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âûêëþ÷àòåëü ïðîòèðàþò 3—4    |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàçà â äåíü âëàæíîé                 |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âåòîøüþ, ñìî÷åííîé îäíèì èç  |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðîâ, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ    |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïîìåùåíèé.   |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | Ïîâåðõíîñòü ðàêîâèíû è           |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | óíèòàçîâ ïðîòèðàþò                  |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | óâëàæíåííîé âåòîøüþ, íà         |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | êîòîðóþ íàíîñÿò ìîþùå-          |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | äåçèíôèöèðóþùèå ñðåäñòâà     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | èëè ÷èñòÿùå-                             |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | äåçèíôèöèðóþùèå ïðåïàðàòû   |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | è ñìûâàþò ÷åðåç 10 ìèí èëè     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | äâóêðàòíî ïðîòèðàþò                |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | âåòîøüþ, ñìî÷åííîé â îäíîì    |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | èç ðàñòâîðîâ, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ      |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ                |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ïîìåùåíèé. Íîðìà ðàñõîäà      |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | — 0,5 ã íà 100 ñì2                     |                                                                                    |
|                             |                                           | ïîâåðõíîñòè                              |                                                                                    |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Íàäâîðíûå óáîðíûå,          | Ñîäåðæàò ïëîòíî çàêðûòûìè, íå äîïóñêàÿ ïåðåïîëíåíèÿ. Åæåäíåâíî                            |
|                             | ïîìîéíûå ÿìû è ìóñîðíûå | äåçèíôèöèðóþò îäíèì èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: 10% ðàñòâîðîì õëîðíîé         |
|                             | ÿùèêè                                | èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, 5% ðàñòâîðîì ÍÃÊ èëè 7%                      |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðîì ÃÊÒ. Íîðìà ðàñõîäà — 500 ìë/ì2, âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ 1 ÷                             |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Óáîðî÷íûé èíâåíòàðü         | Êèïÿòÿò 15 ìèí â 2% ìûëüíî-ñîäîâîì ðàñòâîðå èëè ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà             |
|                             | (ùåòêè, ìåòëû, âåòîøü è    | èëè ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 30 ìèí — â 2%                    |
|                             | äð.)                                    | ðàñòâîð õëîð-áåòà-íàôòîëà èëè íà 1 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 0,2% ðàñòâîð          |
|                             |                                           | ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 3% ðàñòâîð íèðòàíà, 2% ðàñòâîð ìåòàñèëèêàòà íàòðèÿ,                  |
|                             |                                           | 0,25% ðàñòâîð ÏÝÐÕÍ; íà 2 ÷ — â 0,2% ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-2, 3% ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè                 |
|                             |                                           | âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð                       |
|                             |                                           | õëîðäåçèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà. Íîðìà ðàñõîäà äåçèíôèöèðóþùåãî ðàñòâîðà          |
|                             |                                           | — 4 ë/êã. Ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïðîïîëàñêèâàþò â âîäå è ñóøàò                                 |
|                             |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                             | Òðàíñïîðò, íà êîòîðîì       | Íå ïðîâîäèòñÿ   | Îðîøàþò èç ãèäðîïóëüòà èëè äâóêðàòíî ïðîòèðàþò èçíóòðè               |
|                             | äîñòàâëåí áîëüíîé             |                           | âåòîøüþ, ñìî÷åííîé îäíèì èç ðàñòâîðîâ, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ ïðè              |
|                             |                                           |                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèè ïîìåùåíèÿ (çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ðàñòâîðîâ                  |
|                             |                                           |                           | õëîðíîé èçâåñòè, èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, ÍÃÊ). ×åðåç         |
|                             |                                           |                           | 1 ÷ ïðîòèðàþò ñóõîé ÷èñòîé âåòîøüþ. Íîðìà ðàñõîäà                        |
|                             |                                           |                           | äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ 300 ìë/ì2 Ïîñëå                                   |
|                             |                                           |                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïðîèçâîäÿò âëàæíóþ óáîðêó                                    |
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|                             | Ìóñîð                                | Ñæèãàþò èëè çàëèâàþò îäíèì èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: 10%                             |
|                             |                                           | îñâåòëåííûì ðàñòâîðîì õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé             |
|                             |                                           | ëèáî 5% ðàñòâîðîì ÍÃÊ, âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ 2 ÷; 20% õëîðíî-èçâåñòêîâûì                    |
|                             |                                           | ìîëîêîì, âðåìÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ 1 ÷. Ñîîòíîøåíèå ðàñòâîðà ê ìàññå ìóñîðà 2:1                 |
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| ÂÈ×-èíôåêöèÿ     | Ìåäèöèíñêèé                      | Òàê æå, êàê ïðè âèðóñíîì ãåïàòèòå Â                                                                              |
|                             | èíñòðóìåíòàðèé                 |                                                                                                                                       |
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| Ãåïàòèò âèðóñíûé | Âûäåëåíèÿ áîëüíîãî          | Îáåççàðàæèâàþò íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â ãîðøêàõ, ñóäíàõ, áàêàõ. Çàñûïàþò ñóõîé              |
| À (ñì. Ãåïàòèòû    | (ôåêàëèè, ìî÷à, ðâîòíûå    | õëîðíîé èçâåñòüþ, èëè èçâåñòüþ áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, èëè ÍÃÊ â                            |
| âèðóñíûå)            | ìàññû è äð.)                       | ñîîòíîøåíèè 1: 5, ïåðåìåøèâàþò è âûäåðæèâàþò 1 ÷; ëèáî ÃÊÒ (À) 200 ã/êã; ÃÊÒ           |
|                             |                                           | (Â) 250 ã/êã, ïåðåìåøèâàþò è âûäåðæèâàþò 2 ÷; åñëè âûäåëåíèÿ ñîäåðæàò ìàëî            |
|                             |                                           | âëàãè, äîáàâëÿþò âîäó â ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:4. Ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ âûëèâàþò â            |
|                             |                                           | êàíàëèçàöèþ                                                                                                                  |
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|                             | Ãîðøêè, ïîäêëàäíûå           | Ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç ñëåäóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 30 ìèí — â 3% ðàñòâîð                        |
|                             | ñóäíà, âåäðà, áàêè, êâà÷è   | õëîðàìèíà èëè 0,5% àêòèâèðîâàííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 3% îñâåòëåííûé                    |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, 1,5% ðàñòâîð                |
|                             |                                           | ÍÃÊ; íà 1 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð îñâåòëåííîé õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé         |
|                             |                                           | òåðìîñòîéêîé, 0,5% ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà; íà 2 ÷ â 1% ðàñòâîð              |
|                             |                                           | õëîðäåçèíà, 0,1% ðàñòâîð ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà, 1% ðàñòâîð            |
|                             |                                           | õëîðöèíà, 1,5% ðàñòâîð ÃÊÒ. Ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ìîþò ïðîòî÷íîé âîäîé                |
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|                             | Ïîñóäà (÷àéíàÿ,                 | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ðàñòâîðå ãèäðîêàðáîíàòà íàòðèÿ 15 ìèí èëè ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç            |
|                             | ñòîëîâàÿ), îñâîáîæäåííàÿ  | ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 1 ÷ — â 3% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 0,5% àêòèâèðîâàííûé ðàñòâîð                |
|                             | îò îñòàòêîâ ïèùè               | õëîðàìèíà, 3% îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé               |
|                             |                                           | òåðìîñòîéêîé, 1% îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 3% ðàñòâîð äèõëîð-1, 4% ðàñòâîð            |
|                             |                                           | ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà; íà 2 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð                          |
|                             |                                           | õëîðàìèíà, 1% îñâåòëåííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðíîé èçâåñòè èëè èçâåñòè áåëèëüíîé               |
|                             |                                           | òåðìîñòîéêîé, 0,5% ðàñòâîð ÍÃÊ, 0,1% ðàñòâîð ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð           |
|                             |                                           | äèõëîðà-1, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà,             |
|                             |                                           | 0,5% ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-2, 2% ðàñòâîð äåçîêñîíà-1 (ïî ïðåïàðàòó). Ðàñòâîð äîëæåí                |
|                             |                                           | ïîêðûâàòü âñþ ïîñóäó. Ïîñëå îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ïîñóäó ìîþò ãîðÿ÷åé ïðîòî÷íîé           |
|                             |                                           | âîäîé. Â èíôåêöèîííûõ îòäåëåíèÿõ âûìûòóþ ïîñóäó îáåççàðàæèâàþò â                       |
|                             |                                           | âîçäóøíûõ ñòåðèëèçàòîðàõ ïðè 120° â òå÷åíèå 45 ìèí                                                   |
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|                             | Âåòîøü, ìî÷àëêè äëÿ         | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ìûëüíî-ñîäîâîì ðàñòâîðå èëè ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà â                     |
|                             | ìûòüÿ ïîñóäû è                 | òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí ëèáî ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ,                      |
|                             | ïîâåðõíîñòåé îáåäåííûõ    | èñïîëüçóåìûõ ïðè îáåççàðàæèâàíèè ïîñóäû ñ îñòàòêàìè ïèùè, âðåìÿ                           |
|                             | ñòîëîâ                                | âîçäåéñòâèÿ 30 ìèí                                                                                                       |
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|                             | Îñòàòêè ïèùè, ñìûâíûå     | Äîáàâëÿþò âîäó (â îñòàòêè ïèùè) è êèïÿòÿò â òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí èëè çàñûïàþò                  |
|                             | âîäû ïîñëå ìûòüÿ ïîñóäû  | ñóõîé õëîðíîé èçâåñòüþ ëèáî èçâåñòüþ áåëèëüíîé òåðìîñòîéêîé, ÍÃÊ â                        |
|                             |                                           | ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:5, ïåðåìåøèâàþò è ÷åðåç 30 ìèí ñëèâàþò â êàíàëèçàöèþ                       |
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|                             | Áåëüå áîëüíîãî (íàòåëüíîå | Êèïÿòÿò â òå÷åíèå 15 ìèí â ðàñòâîðå ëþáîãî ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà èëè â 2%                     |
|                             | è ïîñòåëüíîå), íå               | ìûëüíî-ñîäîâîì ðàñòâîðå ëèáî ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ                       |
|                             | çàãðÿçíåííîå                      | ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 30 ìèí — â 3% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 0,5% àêòèâèðîâàííûé ðàñòâîð          |
|                             | âûäåëåíèÿìè                     | õëîðàìèíà, 3% ãîðÿ÷èé (t° 50°) ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî                 |
|                             |                                           | ñðåäñòâà, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà;              |
|                             |                                           | 2% ðàñòâîð äåçîêñîíà-1; íà 1 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 0,1% ðàñòâîð                    |
|                             |                                           | ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð äèõëîðà-1, 0,5% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 0,5%                  |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð õëîðöèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà, 4% ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5%           |
|                             |                                           | ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà: íà 2 ÷ — â 0,1% ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-2. Ðàñõîä ðàñòâîðà —4 ë íà 1 êã         |
|                             |                                           | ñóõîãî áåëüÿ                                                                                                                  |
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|                             | Áåëüå, çàãðÿçíåííîå           | Îòñòèðûâàþò â îäíîì èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ, èñïîëüçóåìûõ ïðè                   |
|                             | âûäåëåíèÿìè                     | îáåççàðàæèâàíèè áåëüÿ, íå çàãðÿçíåííîãî âûäåëåíèÿìè, çàòåì ïîãðóæàþò â îäèí         |
|                             |                                           | èç äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ðàñòâîðîâ: íà 1 ÷ — â 1% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà; íà 2 ÷ — â 3%           |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 0,5% àêòèâèðîâàííûé ðàñòâîð õëîðàìèíà, 0,1% ðàñòâîð                 |
|                             |                                           | ñóëüôîõëîðàíòèíà, 3% ðàñòâîð äèõëîðà-1, 1% ðàñòâîð õëîðäåçèíà, 1% ðàñòâîð           |
|                             |                                           | õëîðöèíà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð äåçàìà, 0,5% ðàñòâîð ÄÏ-2, 2% ðàñòâîð äåçîêñîíà-1: íà          |
|                             |                                           | 3 ÷ — â 3% ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà ñ 0,5% ìîþùåãî ñðåäñòâà. Ðàñõîä                   |
|                             |                                           | ðàñòâîðà — 4 ë íà 1 êã ñóõîãî áåëüÿ                                                                              |
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|                             | Ïðåäìåòû óõîäà çà            | Äâóêðàòíî ïðîòèðàþò     | Çàìà÷èâàþò â òåõ æå ðàñòâîðàõ, ÷òî è áåëüå, íå                    |
|                             | áîëüíûì (ãðåëêè, ïóçûðè    | âåòîøüþ, ñìî÷åííîé â   | çàãðÿçíåííîå âûäåëåíèÿìè, ïî îêîí÷àíèè ýêñïîçèöèè             |
|                             | äëÿ ëüäà, ïîäêëàäíûå        | îäíîì èç                        | îáìûâàþò âîäîé                                                                     |
|                             | êðóãè è äð.), ïîäêëàäíûå    | äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ        |                                                                                               |
|                             | êëååíêè, êëååí÷àòûå           | ðàñòâîðîâ,                     |                                                                                               |
|                             | ÷åõëû ìàòðàöåâ,                | ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ          |                                                                                               |
|                             | êëååí÷àòûå ìåøêè äëÿ       | çàìà÷èâàíèÿ áåëüÿ, íå   |                                                                                               |
|                             | ãðÿçíîãî áåëüÿ,                  | çàãðÿçíåííîãî                |                                                                                               |
|                             | êëååí÷àòûå íàãðóäíèêè      | âûäåëåíèÿìè, çàòåì      |                                                                                               |
|                             |                                           | îáìûâàþò âîäîé            |                                                                                               |
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|                             | Ïîñòåëüíûå                        | Ìàòðàöû ïîêðûâàþò      | Îáåççàðàæèâàþò â äåçèíôåêöèîííîé êàìåðå. Ïðè                  |
|                             | ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè (ïîäóøêè, | êëååíêîé, ïðè                 | îòñóòñòâèè âîçìîæíîñòè ïðîâåäåíèÿ êàìåðíîé                       |
|                             | ìàòðàöû, îäåÿëà)               | çàãðÿçíåíèè êëååíêè      | äåçèíôåêöèè ÷èñòÿò ùåòêîé, îáèëüíî ñìî÷åííîé â 3%           |
|                             |                                           | ìîþò ãîðÿ÷åé âîäîé ñ    | ðàñòâîðå õëîðàìèíà èëè â 0,5% àêòèâèðîâàííîì                    |
|                             |                                           | ìûëîì è ïðîòèðàþò       | ðàñòâîðå õëîðàìèíà                                                               |
|                             |                                           | âåòîøüþ, ñìî÷åííîé â   |                                                                                               |
|                             |                                           | îäíîì èç ðàñòâîðîâ,      |                                                                                               |
|                             |                                           | ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ          |                                                                                               |
|                             |                                           | îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ           |                                                                                               |
|                             |                                           | ïîìåùåíèé (ñì. íèæå)    |                                                                                               |
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|                             | Âåðõíÿÿ îäåæäà                 | Íå ïðîâîäèòñÿ               | Îáåççàðàæèâàþò â äåçèíôåêöèîííîé êàìåðå                          |
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|                             | Òàïî÷êè áîëüíûõ                | Íå ïðîâîäèòñÿ               | Îáåççàðàæèâàþò òàê æå, êàê òàïî÷êè áîëüíûõ áðþøíûì         |
|                             |                                           |                                      | òèôîì                                                                                    |
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|                             | Èãðóøêè (äåðåâÿííûå,        | Êèïÿòÿò â 2% ðàñòâîðå ãèäðîêàðáîíàòà íàòðèÿ 15 ìèí (êðîìå ïëàñòìàññîâûõ)               |
Îðôîãðàôè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü Ëîïàòèíà
äåçèíô`åêöèÿ, äåçèíô`åêöèÿ, -è
Ñëîâàðü Îæåãîâà
ÄÅÇÈÍÔ’ÅÊÖÈß, -è, æåí. Îáåççàðàæèâàíèå, óíè÷òîæåíèå áîëåçíåòâîðíûõ ìèêðîáîâ ïðè ïîìîùè ñïåöèàëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ.
ïðèë. äåçèíôåêöèîííûé, -àÿ, -îå.
Ñëîâàðü Óøàêîâà
ÄÅÇÈÍÔ’ÅÊÖÈß, äåçèíôåêöèè, ìí. íåò, ·æåí. (·ôðàíö. desiufection) (ñïåö.). Îáåççàðàæèâàíèå, óíè÷òîæåíèå çàðàçíûõ ìèêðîáîâ ïðè ïîìîùè ñïåöèàëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ. Ïðîèçâåñòè äåçèíôåêöèþ êâàðòèðû ôîðìàëèíîì.
Òîëêîâûé ñëîâàðü Åôðåìîâîé
[äåçèíôåêöèÿ]
æ.
1) Óíè÷òîæåíèå áîëåçíåòâîðíûõ ìèêðîáîâ ïðè ïîìîùè ñïåöèàëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ.
2) ðàçã. Ñðåäñòâà äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ áîëåçíåòâîðíûõ ìèêðîáîâ.
Åñëè âû æåëàåòå áëåñíóòü çíàíèÿìè â áåñåäå èëè ïðèâåñòè àðãóìåíò â ñïîðå, òî ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ññûëêó:

áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ÄÅÇÈÍÔÅÊÖÈß


áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ×òî òàêîå ÄÅÇÈÍÔÅÊÖÈß