Ñëîâî, çíà÷åíèå êîòîðîãî âû õîòèòå ïîñìîòðåòü, íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ áóêâû
À   Á   Â   Ã   Ä   Å   ¨   Æ   Ç   È   É   Ê   Ë   Ì   Í   Î   Ï   Ð   Ñ   Ò   Ó   Ô   Õ   Ö   ×   Ø   Ù   Û   Ý   Þ   ß

ÀÍÒÈÑÅÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ

Áîëüøàÿ ñîâåòñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ (ÁÝÑ)
        àíòèñåïòèêè, õèìè÷åñêèå âåùåñòâà, îáëàäàþùèå ïðîòèâîìèêðîáíûì äåéñòâèåì. Âñÿêîå À. ñ. â çàâèñèìîñòè îò óñëîâèé ïðèìåíåíèÿ (êîíöåíòðàöèè, äëèòåëüíîñòè âîçäåéñòâèÿ, ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè ìèêðîáà ê ïðåïàðàòó è äð.) ìîæåò â îäíèõ ñëó÷àÿõ âûçâàòü ãèáåëü ìèêðîáîâ (áàêòåðèöèäíîå äåéñòâèå), â äðóãèõ — çàäåðæàòü èõ ðîñò (áàêòåðèîñòàòè÷åñêîå äåéñòâèå).
         Áàêòåðèöèäíàÿ àêòèâíîñòü À. ñ. çàâèñèò îò èõ õèìè÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðû, òåìïåðàòóðû, ñðåäû (ùåëî÷íàÿ, íåéòðàëüíàÿ, êèñëàÿ) è íàëè÷èÿ áåëêîâûõ âåùåñòâ, êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïèòàòåëüíîé ñðåäîé äëÿ áàêòåðèé; â ïðèñóòñòâèè áåëêîâ áàêòåðèöèäíàÿ àêòèâíîñòü áîëüøèíñòâà À. ñ. ðåçêî ïàäàåò.
         Äåéñòâèå À. ñ. íà ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû îáóñëîâëèâàåòñÿ â îñíîâíîì òåì, ÷òî À. ñ., âñòóïàÿ âî âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ áåëêàìè, ôåðìåíòíûìè è äðóãèìè ñèñòåìàìè ìèêðîáíîé êëåòêè, â êîíå÷íîì èòîãå âûçûâàþò å¸ ãèáåëü.
         À. ñ. íà÷àëè ïðèìåíÿòü çàäîëãî äî òîãî, êàê áûëà âûÿñíåíà ðîëü ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ â ðàçâèòèè èíôåêöèîííîãî ïðîöåññà. Òàê, åù¸ â 30-å ãã. 19 â. ðóññêèé ôàðìàêîëîã À. Ï. Íåëþáèí ðåêîìåíäîâàë õëîðíóþ èçâåñòü äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðåäìåòîâ, à â 40-å ãã. 19 â. âåíãåðñêèé âðà÷ È. Ô. Çåììåëüâåéñ ïðåäëîæèë å¸ äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè ðóê ïåðñîíàëà ïåðåä èññëåäîâàíèåì ðîæåíèö.  60-å ãã. àíãëèéñêèé âðà÷ Äæ. Ëèñòåð ââ¸ë â õèðóðãè÷åñêóþ ïðàêòèêó â êà÷åñòâå À. ñ. ôåíîë (êàðáîëîâóþ êèñëîòó), ÷òî ïîëîæèëî íà÷àëî àíòèñåïòèêå (Ñì. Àíòèñåïòèêà).  äàëüíåéøåì Ë. Ïàñòåð, È. È. Ìå÷íèêîâ, Ð. Êîõ è äð. óñòàíîâèëè ðîëü ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ â ïàòîëîãèè è íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàëè ïðèìåíåíèå À. ñ.
          ìåäèöèíå À. ñ. èñïîëüçóþò: äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè ïîìåùåíèé (êàðáîëîâàÿ êèñëîòà, êðåçîë, ëèçîë, òèìîë, ôîðìàëèí, ïðîïèîëàêòîí, ñóëåìà, õëîðíàÿ èçâåñòü, õëîðàìèíû è äð.); äëÿ ïðåäîïåðàöèîííîé îáðàáîòêè ðóê õèðóðãîâ (çåë¸íîå ìûëî, äèîöèä, âîäíûé ðàñòâîð àììèàêà, ñïèðòîâîé ðàñòâîð èîäà). Ïðè ëå÷åíèè èíôåêöèîííûõ è èíâàçèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé ñïîñîá ïðèìåíåíèÿ òîãî èëè èíîãî àíòèñåïòèêà çàâèñèò îò ôîðìû çàáîëåâàíèÿ, õàðàêòåðà îïåðàöèè, ëîêàëèçàöèè ïàòîëîãè÷åñêîãî ïðîöåññà, âîçìîæíîñòè äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ðàíû, âèäà ìèêðîáîâ. Àíòèñåïòèêè óïîòðåáëÿþò äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ êîæè è ñëèçèñòûõ îáîëî÷åê, èõ ðàñòâîðàìè ïðîìûâàþò ðàíû, ïðîïèòûâàþò òàìïîíû è âëàæíî-âûñûõàþùèå ïîâÿçêè, îðîøàþò ðàíû è ïîëîñòè; ïîðîøêîîáðàçíûìè àíòèñåïòèêàìè ïðèñûïàþò ðàíû è ò. ä.; íåêîòîðûå ïðèìåíÿþò âíóòðü, ââîäÿò âíóòðèìûøå÷íî, âíóòðèâåííî, âíóòðèàðòåðèàëüíî. Ìåòèëåíîâàÿ ñèíü, ãåêñàìåòèëåíòåòðàìèí è äð. ïðèìåíÿþò ïðè èíâàçèÿõ è äåðìàòîçàõ; ïðè êîæíûõ çàáîëåâàíèÿõ èñïîëüçóþò âîäíûå è ñïèðòîâûå ðàñòâîðû ðåçîðöèíà, ïèðîãàëëîë, áðèëëèàíòîâóþ çåëåíü, ñóëåìó, èõòèîë è äð.; äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ïîëîñòåé ïðè ãíîéíûõ ïðîöåññàõ, ëå÷åíèÿ ãíîéíûõ ðàí, ïîëîñêàíèé — ôóðàöèëëèí, ýòàêðèäèí, ôëàâîêðèäèí, ãèäðîõëîðèä, áîðíóþ êèñëîòó, ïåðåêèñü âîäîðîäà, ïðîòàðãîë, êîëëàðãîë, àçîòíîêèñëîå ñåðåáðî, ïàíòîöèä; äëÿ ñòåðèëèçàöèè ìíîãèõ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ æèäêîñòåé è ïðåïàðàòîâ (êðîâü, âàêöèíû, ôåðìåíòû, ïèòàòåëüíûå ñðåäû è òðàíñïëàíòàòû) — ïðîïèîëàêòîí; äëÿ îðîøåíèé, èíãàëÿöèé è ò. ï. — ñîäó, ôóðàöèëëèí, ìàðãàíöîâîêèñëûé êàëèé è äð.
         Â ïèùåâîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè À. ñ. ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ êîíñåðâèðîâàíèÿ ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ. Ïðîñòåéøèì À. ñ. äëÿ ýòèõ öåëåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ óêñóñíàÿ êèñëîòà; èíîãäà èñïîëüçóþò òàêæå áåíçîéíóþ è ñàëèöèëîâóþ êèñëîòû.
         À. ñ. øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ ïðåäîõðàíåíèÿ îò ðàçðóøåíèÿ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàìè ðàçëè÷íûõ íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ (äðåâåñèíà è èçäåëèÿ èç íå¸, òåêñòèëüíûå èçäåëèÿ, êîæà, ïëàñòè÷åñêèå ìàññû è äð.). À. ñ., ïðèìåíÿåìûå äëÿ ýòèõ öåëåé, äîëæíû áûòü ñòîéêè, íå ïîãëîùàòü âëàãó è íå âûìûâàòüñÿ âîäîé. Íàðÿäó ñ ýòèì À. ñ. äîëæíû áûòü îòíîñèòåëüíî áåçîïàñíû äëÿ ëþäåé è æèâîòíûõ, íå äîëæíû âûäåëÿòü ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè ÿäîâèòûõ âåùåñòâ è íåïðèÿòíûõ çàïàõîâ, à òàêæå íå çàòðóäíÿòü ïîñëåäóþùóþ îáðàáîòêó èëè îêðàñêó ìàòåðèàëà. Àíòèñåïòè÷åñêóþ îáðàáîòêó ñòðîèòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ è èçäåëèé ïðîèçâîäÿò ïðîïèòêîé â âàííàõ, ïîä äàâëåíèåì è äðóãèìè ñïîñîáàìè.
         Äëÿ çàùèòû îò ðàçðóøåíèÿ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàìè äðåâåñèíû, äðåâåñíîâîëîêíèñòûõ, äðåâåñíîñòðóæå÷íûõ, òîðôÿíûõ è êàìûøèòîâûõ ïëèò, äðåâåñíîñëîèñòûõ ïëàñòèêîâ è äðóãèõ èçäåëèé ïðèìåíÿþò ñëåäóþùèå À. ñ.: âîäîðàñòâîðèìûå (ôòîðèñòûé è êðåìíåôòîðèñòûé íàòðèé, ìåäíûé êóïîðîñ, äèíèòðîôåíîëÿò íàòðèÿ è äð.); íåðàñòâîðèìûå â âîäå — ìàñëÿíèñòûå (êðåîçîòîâîå è àíòðàöåíîâîå ìàñëà, ñëàíöåâîå øïàëîïðîïèòî÷íîå ìàñëî è äð.); ïàñòû (áèòóìíûå è äð.). Èíîãäà â êà÷åñòâå À. ñ. ïðèìåíÿþò òàêæå ñîåäèíåíèÿ ìûøüÿêà, ìåäè è õðîìà (íàïðèìåð, àðñåíàò è àðñåíèò ìåäè èëè öèíêà).
         Äëÿ çàùèòû òåêñòèëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ïëàñòìàññ è äðóãèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ ïðèìåíÿþò õëîðïðîèçâîäíûå äèîêñèäèôåíèëìåòàíà, öèíêñàëèöèëàíèëèä, ñàëèöèëàíèëèä è ïðîäóêòû åãî õëîðèðîâàíèÿ, 8-îêñèõèíîëèí è 8-îêñèõèíîëÿò ìåäè, õëîðïðîèçâîäíûå ôåíîëà, îêñèäèôåíèë è äð.  êà÷åñòâå À. ñ. ïðèìåíÿþò îðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ ðòóòè (ýòèëìåðêóðôîñôàò, ôåíèëìåðêóðàöåòàò, ôåíèëìåðêóðîëåàò è äð.), à òàêæå áðîìôòîðäèíèòðîáåíçîë è äð.
         Îá À. ñ., ïðèìåíÿåìûõ äëÿ áîðüáû ñ âðåäíûìè ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàìè â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå, ñì. Ôóìèãàíòû è Ôóíãèöèäû.
        
         Ëèò.: Ìàøêîâñêèé Ì. Ä., Ëåêàðñòâåííûå ñðåäñòâà, ÷. 1—2, 6 èçä., Ì., 1967; Äàéñîí Ã., Ìåé Ï., Õèìèÿ ñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ è ëåêàðñòâåííûõ âåùåñòâ, ïåð. ñ àíãë., Ì., 1964; Õèìè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà ïðåäîõðàíåíèÿ íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ îò ðàçðóøåíèÿ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàìè, Ì., 1959.
Ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ
I
Àíòèñåïòè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà (ãðå÷. anti ïðîòèâ + septikos ãíèëîñòíûé, âûçûâàþùèé íàãíîåíèå)
àíòèìèêðîáíûå ñðåäñòâà øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà äåéñòâèÿ, ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì ìåñòíî (íà êîæó, ñëèçèñòûå îáîëî÷êè) äëÿ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ èëè ëå÷åíèÿ ãíîéíî-âîñïàëèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ. Îòäåëüíûå ïðåïàðàòû èç ãðóïïû À. ñ., îòëè÷àþùèåñÿ íèçêîé òîêñè÷íîñòüþ, ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ òàêæå äëÿ õèìèîòåðàïèè èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé.
 êà÷åñòâå À. ñ. ïðèìåíÿþò, êàê ïðàâèëî, õèìè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, êîòîðûå õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ âûñîêîé àêòèâíîñòüþ â îòíîøåíèè ïîäàâëÿþùåãî áîëüøèíñòâà ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, ìàëûì ëàòåíòíûì ïåðèîäîì äåéñòâèÿ, íèçêîé òîêñè÷íîñòüþ ïðè ìåñòíîì íàçíà÷åíèè (â ò.÷. îòñóòñòâèåì àëëåðãèçèðóþùåãî äåéñòâèÿ), ñîõðàíåíèåì àêòèâíîñòè â ïðèñóòñòâèè ïðîäóêòîâ òêàíåâîãî ðàñïàäà, îòñóòñòâèåì ìåñòíîðàçäðàæàþùåãî äåéñòâèÿ è óãíåòàþùåãî âëèÿíèÿ íà ïðîöåññû çàæèâëåíèÿ ðàíû.
Ñðåäè À. ñ. ðàçëè÷àþò ñëåäóþùèå îñíîâíûå ãðóïïû ïðåïàðàòîâ: 1) ãàëîãåíû — ïðåïàðàòû éîäà (ðàñòâîð éîäà ñïèðòîâîé, ðàñòâîð Ëþãîëÿ, éîäîôîðì, éîäèíîë) è õëîðà (õëîðàìèí Á); 2) äåòåðãåíòû (äåêàìèí, õëîðãåêñèäèí, ýòîíèé, öåðèãåëü, äåãìèöèä, ðîêêàë è äð.); 3) êèñëîòû (áîðíàÿ, ñàëèöèëîâàÿ), ùåëî÷è (ðàñòâîð àììèàêà, íàòðèÿ òåòðàáîðàò), ñïèðòû (ñïèðò ýòèëîâûé), àëüäåãèäû (ôîðìàëüäåãèä, ãåêñàìåòèëåí-òåòðàìèí); 4) êðàñèòåëè (áðèëëèàíòîâûé çåëåíûé, ìåòèëåíîâûé ñèíèé, ýòàêðèäèíà ëàêòàò); 5) îêèñëèòåëè (ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà, ãèäðîïåðèò, êàëèÿ ïåðìàíãàíàò); 6) ïðîèçâîäíûå îêñèõèíîëèíà (õèíîçîë); 7) ñîåäèíåíèÿ òÿæåëûõ ìåòàëëîâ (ðòóòè äèõëîðèä, ðòóòè îêñèöèàíèä, ðòóòè àìèäîõëîðèä, ðòóòè îêèñü æåëòàÿ, ðòóòè ìîíîõëîðèä, ñåðåáðà íèòðàò, êîëëàðãîë, ïðîòàðãîë, öèíêà ñóëüôàò è äð.); 8) ôåíîëû (ôåíîë, òðèêåçîë, ðåçîðöèí, ôåíèëñèëèöèëàò è äð.), äåãòè è ñìîëû (äåãîòü áåðåçîâûé, èõòèîë, íåôòü íàôòàëàíñêàÿ ðàôèíèðîâàííàÿ, âèíèëèí è äð.). Êðîìå òîãî, â êà÷åñòâå àíòèñåïòèêîâ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ è íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå ñèíòåòè÷åñêèå ïðåïàðàòû, íàïðèìåð ïðîèçâîäíûå íèòðîôóðàíà (ôóðàöèëèí), è âåùåñòâà ïðèðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ (íîâîèìàíèí, áàëèç è äð.).
Ìåõàíèçìû äåéñòâèÿ îòäåëüíûõ ãðóïï À. ñ. íà ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû ðàçëè÷íû. Òàê, êèñëîòû, ùåëî÷è è àëüäåãèäû äåíàòóðèðóþò, à ñïèðòû äåãèäðàòèðóþò áåëêè öèòîïëàçìû ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, ïîä âëèÿíèåì îêèñëèòåëåé ïðîèñõîäèò îêèñëåíèå îðãàíè÷åñêèõ êîìïîíåíòîâ (â ò.÷. áåëêîâ) öèòîïëàçìû, äåòåðãåíòû íàðóøàþò ïðîíèöàåìîñòü öèòîïëàçìàòè÷åñêèõ ìåìáðàí, ñîëè òÿæåëûõ ìåòàëëîâ èíàêòèâèðóþò ôåðìåíòíûå ñèñòåìû ìèêðîáíûõ êëåòîê è ò.ä.
Àêòèâíîñòü À. ñ. çàâèñèò ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ïðåïàðàòîâ, ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè èõ âîçäåéñòâèÿ, òåìïåðàòóðû ñðåäû, ñòåïåíè ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè âîçáóäèòåëÿ è äð. Ïðè ïîâûøåíèè òåìïåðàòóðû ñðåäû è óäëèíåíèè ýêñïîçèöèè àêòèâíîñòü À. ñ. ïîâûøàåòñÿ, ïðè âûñîêîé ìèêðîáíîé îáñåìåíåííîñòè î÷àãà èíôåêöèè — ñíèæàåòñÿ.
Îñíîâíûå À. ñ. ïðèâîäÿòñÿ â òàáëèöå.
Òàáëèöà
Êëèíèêî-ôàðìàêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà îñíîâíûõ àíòèñåïòè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ

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| Éîäèíîë, lodinolum     | Ìåñòíî ïðè õðîíè÷åñêîì      | Âî ôëàêîíàõ ïî      |
|                                     | òîíçèëëèòå (äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ | 100 ìë. Õðàíåíèå:   |
|                                     | ëàêóí è ñóïðàòîíçèëëÿðíûõ  | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     | ïðîñòðàíñòâ), ãíîéíûõ          | ñâåòà ìåñòå, ïðè t°  |
|                                     | îòèòàõ, õðîíè÷åñêîì             | íå íèæå 0°              |
|                                     | ïåðèîäîíòèòå, à òàêæå ïðè    |                               |
|                                     | îæîãàõ, òðîôè÷åñêèõ ÿçâàõ,  |                               |
|                                     | ãíîéíûõ ðàíàõ (äëÿ               |                               |
|                                     | ñìàçûâàíèÿ ñàëôåòîê,          |                               |
|                                     | íàêëàäûâàåìûõ íà                |                               |
|                                     | ïîðàæåííóþ ïîâåðõíîñòü)     |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Éîäîôîðì,                | Ìåñòíî â âèäå ïðèñûïîê è    | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| lodoformium (ñèíîíèì   | ìàçåé (10%) äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ      | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
| òðèéîäìåòàí è äð.)       | ïðîëåæíåé, ÿçâ, ãíîéíûõ ðàí | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | è ò.ï.                                    | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå,   |
|                                     |                                             | ïðåäîõðàíÿþùåé    |
|                                     |                                             | îò äåéñòâèÿ ñâåòà   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðàñòâîð éîäà            | Êàê àíòèñåïòèê äëÿ               | Â ñêëÿíêàõ              |
| ñïèðòîâîé 5%,          | îáðàáîòêè êîæè,                    | îðàíæåâîãî ñòåêëà  |
| Solutio lodi spirituosa     | îïåðàöèîííîãî ïîëÿ. Êàê       | ïî 10; 15 è 25 ìë, à |
| 5% (ñèíîíèì éîäíàÿ    | îòâëåêàþùåå è                     | òàêæå â àìïóëàõ ïî |
| íàñòîéêà)                     | ðàçäðàæàþùåå ñðåäñòâî      | 1 ìë 5% ðàñòâîðà.  |
|                                     | íàçíà÷àþò ìåñòíî ïðè          | Õðàíåíèå; ñïèñîê    |
|                                     | ìèîçèòàõ è íåâðàëãèÿõ          | Á; â çàùèùåííîì    |
|                                     |                                             | îò ñâåòà ìåñòå        |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðàñòâîð Ëþãîëÿ,      | Äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ ñëèçèñòûõ   | Â ñêëÿíêàõ.             |
| Solutio Lugoli                | îáîëî÷åê ãëîòêè è ãîðòàíè     | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | ïðè èõ âîñïàëèòåëüíûõ         | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | çàáîëåâàíèÿõ; ñ òîé æå         | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | öåëüþ ïðèìåíÿþò òàêæå       |                               |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð Ëþãîëÿ ñ                 |                               |
|                                     | ãëèöåðèíîì                           |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Õëîðàìèí Á,              | Äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè ðóê            | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Chloraminum Â             | (0,25—0,5% ðàñòâîðû),         | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | ïðîìûâàíèÿ ãíîéíûõ ðàí è    | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | ñìà÷èâàíèÿ ñàëôåòîê (1,5— | óêóïîðåííûõ           |
|                                     | 2% ðàñòâîðû), äåçèíôåêöèè  | áàíêàõ, â                |
|                                     | íåìåòàëëè÷åñêîãî                 | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | èíñòðóìåíòàðèÿ, ïðåäìåòîâ  | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | óõîäà è âûäåëåíèé áîëüíûõ  |                               |
|                                     | (1—2—3% ðàñòâîðû; ïðè      |                               |
|                                     | òóáåðêóëåçíîé èíôåêöèè —  |                                |
|                                     | 5% ðàñòâîð)                          |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Äåòåðãåíòû                           |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Äåãìèöèä,                  | Ïðè îáðàáîòêå ðóê õèðóðãà è | Âî ôëàêîíàõ ïî      |
| Degmicidum                  | îïåðàöèîííîãî ïîëÿ â âèäå   | 100 è 500 ìë.          |
|                                     | 1% ðàñòâîðà, äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | êîòîðîãî ïðåïàðàò ðàçâîäÿò  | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | âîäîé â ñîîòíîøåíèè 1:30     | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðîêêàë, Roccal           | Äëÿ îáðàáîòêè ðóê õèðóðãà    | Â ñêëÿíêàõ ïî 250   |
|                                     | (ðàñòâîð 1:1000), îáðàáîòêè  | ìë 1% èëè 10%       |
|                                     | îïåðàöèîííîãî ïîëÿ (1%       | ðàñòâîðà.                |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð), ðàí (ðàñòâîð          | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | 1:4000), ñòåðèëèçàöèè           | îáû÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ  |
|                                     | ðåçèíîâûõ èçäåëèé, ìàðëè,   |                               |
|                                     | ñàëôåòîê (ðàñòâîð 1:4000) è  |                               |
|                                     | äëÿ âíåøíåé äåçèíôåêöèè    |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Õëîðãåêñèäèí,           | Äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ðàí,            | Â ñêëÿíêàõ ïî 500   |
| Chlorhexidinum             | îæîãîâûõ ïîâåðõíîñòåé        | ìë 20% ðàñòâîðà.   |
| (ñèíîíèì ãèáèòàí,        | (0,05% ðàñòâîð) è ìî÷åâîãî  | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
| õèáèòàí è äð.)              | ïóçûðÿ (0,02% ðàñòâîð). Äëÿ | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | äåçèíôåêöèè ðóê è                | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | îáðàáîòêè îïåðàöèîííîãî      |                               |
|                                     | ïîëÿ îôèöèíàëüíûé âîäíûé  |                               |
|                                     | 20% ðàñòâîð ïðåïàðàòà        |                               |
|                                     | ðàçâîäÿò 70% ñïèðòîì          |                               |
|                                     | ýòèëîâûì â îòíîøåíèè 1:40  |                                |
|                                     | (ò.å. äî ïîëó÷åíèÿ 0,5%        |                               |
|                                     | âîäíîñïèðòîâîãî ðàñòâîðà).  |                               |
|                                     | Ýòîò æå ðàñòâîð ïðèìåíÿþò  |                               |
|                                     | äëÿ áûñòðîé ñòåðèëèçàöèè    |                               |
|                                     | èíñòðóìåíòîâ                       |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ýòîíèé, Aethonium      | Äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ ðàí,                  | Ïîðîøîê,                |
|                                     | òðîôè÷åñêèõ ÿçâ, òðåùèí     | îôèöèíàëüíàÿ        |
|                                     | ñîñêîâ è ïðÿìîé êèøêè         | ïàñòà (äëÿ              |
|                                     | (0,02—1% ðàñòâîðû èëè        | ïðèìåíåíèÿ â          |
|                                     | 0,5—2% ìàçè), ÿçâ                | ñòîìàòîëîãè÷åñêîé  |
|                                     | ðîãîâèöû, êåðàòèòîâ è           | ïðàêòèêå).               |
|                                     | íåêîòîðûõ äðóãèõ ãëàçíûõ    | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | çàáîëåâàíèé, à òàêæå            | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | òîíçèëëèòîâ è îòèòîâ (0,1%   | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð), ñòîìàòèòîâ (0,5%   |                               |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð). Ïðè çóäÿùèõ         |                               |
|                                     | äåðìàòîçàõ, ïèîäåðìèè è     |                               |
|                                     | îæîãàõ èñïîëüçóþò â âèäå    |                               |
|                                     | 0,5—2% ìàçåé. Ïðè              |                               |
|                                     | ïëîìáèðîâàíèè çóáîâ            |                               |
|                                     | ïðèìåíÿþò ïàñòó ýòîíèÿ       |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Êèñëîòû è ùåëî÷è                |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Êèñëîòà áîðíàÿ,       | Äëÿ ïîëîñêàíèÿ ïîëîñòè ðòà  | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Acidum boricum            | è ãîðëà, ïðîìûâàíèÿ ãëàç      | Õðàíåíèå: õîðîøî   |
|                                     | (2—4% ðàñòâîðû). Ïðè          | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | êîæíûõ çàáîëåâàíèÿõ — â    |                               |
|                                     | âèäå ìàçåé (5—10%) è          |                               |
|                                     | ïðèñûïîê                              |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Êèñëîòà                      | Ïðè êîæíûõ çàáîëåâàíèÿõ â  | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| ñàëèöèëîâàÿ, Acidum | êà÷åñòâå àíòèñåïòè÷åñêîãî,  | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
| salicylicum                   | ðàçäðàæàþùåãî,                   | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | îòâëåêàþùåãî è                    | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå,   |
|                                     | êåðàòîëèòè÷åñêîãî                | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     | ñðåäñòâà, â âèäå 1—2%        | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | ñïèðòîâûõ ðàñòâîðîâ, ìàçåé |                               |
|                                     | è ïàñò, à òàêæå â âèäå          |                               |
|                                     | ïðèñûïîê (2—5%)                 |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Íàòðèÿ òåòðàáîðàò,  | Äëÿ ïîëîñêàíèé,                   | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Natrii tetraboras             | ñïðèíöåâàíèé, ñìàçûâàíèÿ   | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
| (ñèíîíèì: áóðà, íàòðèé | ñëèçèñòûõ îáîëî÷åê â âèäå   | õîðîøî                   |
| áîðíîêèñëûé)               | 2—5% ðàñòâîðîâ. Äëÿ          | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | ñìàçûâàíèÿ ñëèçèñòûõ         |                               |
|                                     | îáîëî÷åê èñïîëüçóþò òàêæå  |                               |
|                                     | â âèäå 20% ðàñòâîðà â         |                               |
|                                     | ãëèöåðèíå                             |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðàñòâîð àììèàêà     | Â êà÷åñòâå àíòèñåïòèêà        | Âî ôëàêîíàõ ñ        |
| 10%, Solutio Ammonii   | èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ìûòüÿ ðóê | ïðèòåðòûìè            |
| caustici 10%                 | õèðóðãà ïî ìåòîäó                | ïðîáêàìè ïî 10; 40  |
|                                     | Ñïàñîêóêîöêîãî è Êî÷åðãèíà  | è 100 ìë è â           |
|                                     | (èç ðàñ÷åòà 25 ìë ðàñòâîðà   | àìïóëàõ ïî 1 ìë.    |
|                                     | íà 5 ë êèïÿ÷åíîé âîäû). Êàê  | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | ðàçäðàæàþùåå ñðåäñòâî      | ïðîõëàäíîì ìåñòå  |
|                                     | èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïóòåì              |                               |
|                                     | âäûõàíèÿ ïàðîâ (ïðè             |                               |
|                                     | îáìîðîêå, äëÿ ñòèìóëÿöèè    |                               |
|                                     | äûõàíèÿ) è ìåñòíî (ïðè         |                               |
|                                     | óêóñàõ íàñåêîìûõ) â âèäå     |                               |
|                                     | ïðèìî÷åê                              |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Ñïèðòû è àëüäåãèäû             |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðàñòâîð                     | Â êà÷åñòâå                            | Ðàñòâîð,                 |
| ôîðìàëüäåãèäà,       | àíòèñåïòè÷åñêîãî ñðåäñòâà   | ñîäåðæàùèé 36,5— |
| Solutio Fonnaldehydi     | äëÿ îáðàáîòêè ðóê (0,5—1%  | 37,5%                     |
| (ñèíîíèì ôîðìàëèí)    | ðàñòâîðû), äåçèíôåêöèè       | ôîðìàëüäåãèäà, â  |
|                                     | èíñòðóìåíòîâ (0,5%              | ñêëÿíêàõ.                |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð), ñïðèíöåâàíèé        | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | (ðàñòâîðû 1:2000—1:3000).   | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | Âõîäèò â ñîñòàâ                   | ñâåòà ìåñòå, ïðè t°  |
|                                     | îôèöèíàëüíîé                      | íå íèæå 9°              |
|                                     | ôîðìàëèíîâîé ìàçè è           |                               |
|                                     | ïðåïàðàòà «Ôîðìèäðîí»,      |                               |
|                                     | èñïîëüçóåìûõ â êà÷åñòâå     |                               |
|                                     | äåçîäîðèðóþùèõ è äóáÿùèõ |                               |
|                                     | ñðåäñòâ ïðè ïîâûøåííîé      |                               |
|                                     | ïîòëèâîñòè êîæè. Ñ ýòîé       |                               |
|                                     | öåëüþ ïðèìåíÿþò òàêæå       |                               |
|                                     | 0,5—1% ðàñòâîðû                 |                               |
|                                     | ïðåïàðàòà. Âõîäèò òàêæå â   |                               |
|                                     | ñîñòàâ ëèçîôîðìà,               |                               |
|                                     | èñïîëüçóåìîãî äëÿ               |                               |
|                                     | ñïðèíöåâàíèé (1—4%            |                               |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðû), îáðàáîòêè ðóê è   |                               |
|                                     | äåçèíôåêöèè ïîìåùåíèé      |                               |
|                                     | (1—3% ðàñòâîðû)                 |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ñïèðò ýòèëîâûé,       | Äëÿ îáðàáîòêè ðóê è              | Â ñêëÿíêàõ.             |
| Spiritus aethylicus         | îïåðàöèîííîãî ïîëÿ (70%),    | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
| (ñèíîíèì âèííûé          | äåçèíôåêöèè øîâíîãî           | õîðîøî                   |
| ñïèðò)                          | ìàòåðèàëà, à òàêæå äëÿ        | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | êîìïðåññîâ (40%)                 |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Êðàñèòåëè                             |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Áðèëëèàíòîâüé         | Äëÿ îáðàáîòêè è                    | Ïîðîøîê; 1% è 2%  |
| çåëåíûé, Viride nitens  | ñìàçûâàíèÿ êîæè (ïðè          | ñïèðòîâûå              |
|                                     | ññàäèíàõ, öàðàïèíàõ,           | ðàñòâîðû âî            |
|                                     | ïèîäåðìèè, áëåôàðèòå è       | ôëàêîíàõ ïî 10 ìë  |
|                                     | ò.ï.) â âèäå 1—2% âîäíûõ è  | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | ñïèðòîâûõ ðàñòâîðîâ            | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     |                                             | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ìåòèëåíîâûé            | Êàê àíòèñåïòèê ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ | Ïîðîøîê; 1%          |
| ñèíèé, Methylenum      | íàðóæíî (ïðè ïèîäåðìèè,      | âîäíûé ðàñòâîð;     |
| coeruleum (ñèíîíèì      | ôîëëèêóëèòàõ, îæîãàõ è        | 1% ñïèðòîâîé         |
| ìåòèëåíîâàÿ ñèíü)       | ò.ï.) â âèäå 1—3%                | ðàñòâîð; àìïóëû     |
|                                     | ñïèðòîâûõ ðàñòâîðîâ è äëÿ   | ïî 20 è 50 ìë 1%    |
|                                     | ïðîìûâàíèé ïðè óðåòðèòàõ,  | ðàñòâîðà                 |
|                                     | öèñòèòàõ è ò.ï. â âèäå 0,02% | ìåòèëåíîâîãî          |
|                                     | âîäíîãî ðàñòâîðà.                 | ñèíåãî â 25%          |
|                                     | Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òàêæå â           | ðàñòâîðå ãëþêîçû.  |
|                                     | êà÷åñòâå àíòèäîòà ïðè          | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | îòðàâëåíèÿõ öèàíèäàìè,       | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | ñåðîâîäîðîäîì, îêèñüþ        | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | óãëåðîäà,                              |                               |
|                                     | ìåòãåìîãëîáèíîáðàçóþùèìè |                               |
|                                     | ÿäàìè                                   |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ýòàêðèäèíà ëàêòàò,  | Äëÿ îáðàáîòêè è ëå÷åíèÿ      | Ïîðîøîê; 0,1%        |
| Aethacridini lactas         | ðàí (0,05—0,1—0,2%            | ñïèðòîâîé ðàñòâîð, |
| (ñèíîíèì ðèâàíîë)        | ðàñòâîðû), ïðîìûâàíèÿ         | 3% ìàçü ïî 25 ã;     |
|                                     | áðþøíîé è ïëåâðàëüíîé        | òàáëåòêè,                |
|                                     | ïîëîñòåé, ìî÷åâîãî ïóçûðÿ   | ñîäåðæàùèå ïî       |
|                                     | (0,05—1% ðàñòâîðû),            | 0,01 ã ýòàêðèäèíà    |
|                                     | ïîëîñòè ìàòêè (0,1%             | ëàêòàòà è êèñëîòû   |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð), ïîëîñêàíèÿ ðòà,     | áîðíîé 0,09 ã.         |
|                                     | çåâà è ñìàçûâàíèÿ èõ           | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
|                                     | ñëèçèñòûõ îáîëî÷åê (0,1%    | Á; â õîðîøî            |
|                                     | ðàñòâîð), ïðè ôóðóíêóëàõ,    | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | êàðáóíêóëàõ è àáñöåññàõ â   |                               |
|                                     | âèäå ïðèìî÷åê è òàìïîíîâ    |                               |
|                                     | (0,1—0,2% ðàñòâîðû). Â        |                               |
|                                     | ãëàçíîé ïðàêòèêå                   |                               |
|                                     | èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â âèäå 0,1%    |                               |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðà (ãëàçíûå êàïëè), â  |                                |
|                                     | äåðìàòîëîãèè — â âèäå        |                               |
|                                     | ïðèñûïîê (2,5%), ìàçåé         |                               |
|                                     | (1%), ïàñò (5—10%)              |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Îêèñëèòåëè                           |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Êàëèÿ ïåðìàíãàíàò,  | Â âèäå ðàñòâîðîâ äëÿ          | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Kalii pennanganas         | ïîëîñêàíèÿ ðòà è ãîðëà         | Õðàíåíèå:               |
|                                     | (0,01—0,1%), ïðîìûâàíèÿ     | â õîðîøî                |
|                                     | ðàí (0,1—0,5%), îáðàáîòêè    | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | ÿçâåííûõ è îæîãîâûõ            |                               |
|                                     | ïîâåðõíîñòåé (2—5%),          |                               |
|                                     | ñïðèíöåâàíèé è ïðîìûâàíèé |                                |
|                                     | â ãèíåêîëîãèè è óðîëîãèè      |                               |
|                                     | (0,02—0,1%). Ïðè                  |                               |
|                                     | îòðàâëåíèÿõ íåêîòîðûìè      |                               |
|                                     | àëêàëîèäàìè 0,02—0,1%       |                               |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðû ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ      |                               |
|                                     | ïðîìûâàíèÿ æåëóäêà            |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè    | Äëÿ ïîëîñêàíèé ðòà è çåâà,   | Îôèöèíàëüíûé       |
| âîäîðîäà, Solutio       | ëå÷åíèÿ ãíîéíûé ðàí,            | ðàñòâîð (3%) â        |
| Hydrogenii peroxydi       | ïðîìûâàíèé ïðè                    | ñêëÿíêàõ ñ              |
| diluta                            | ãèíåêîëîãè÷åñêèõ                  | ïðèòåðòûìè            |
|                                     | çàáîëåâàíèÿõ                        | ïðîáêàìè.               |
|                                     |                                             | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     |                                             | ïðîõëàäíîì,           |
|                                     |                                             | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     |                                             | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè    | Ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â âèäå             | Â ñêëÿíêàõ ñ           |
| âîäîðîäà                   | ðàñòâîðîâ â òåõ æå ñëó÷àÿõ, | ïðèòåðòûìè            |
| êîíöåíòðèðîâàííûé, | ÷òî è îôèöèíàëüíûé             | ïðîáêàìè.               |
| Solutio Hydrogenii         | ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà. | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
| peroxydi concentrata     | Â äåðìàòîëîãèè                    | ïðîõëàäíîì,           |
| (ñèíîíèì ïåðãèäðîëü)   | èñïîëüçóåòñÿ êàê                  | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | äåïèãìåíòèðóþùåå               | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | ñðåäñòâî (îáû÷íî â ìàçÿõ)    |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Ñîëè òÿæåëûõ ìåòàëëîâ        |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ìåäè ñóëüôàò, Cupri | Â êà÷åñòâå                            | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| sulfas (ñèíîíèì            | àíòèñåïòè÷åñêîãî è               | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| ìåäíûé êóïîðîñ)          | âÿæóùåãî ñðåäñòâà â âèäå   | Á; â õîðîøî            |
|                                     | 0,25% ðàñòâîðà ïðè              | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|                                     | êîíúþíêòèâèòàõ, èíîãäà äëÿ |                                |
|                                     | ïðîìûâàíèÿ ïðè óðåòðèòàõ è |                               |
|                                     | âàãèíèòàõ. Â êà÷åñòâå           |                               |
|                                     | àíòèäîòà ïðè îæîãàõ êîæè     |                               |
|                                     | ôîñôîðîì (5% ðàñòâîð)       |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðòóòè                          | Ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â ñîñòàâå         | Ïîðîøîê; ìàçü ïî   |
| àìèäîõëîðèä,            | îôèöèíàëüíîé ìàçè ðòóòíîé  | 25 ã. Õðàíåíèå:       |
| Hydrargyri                     | áåëîé (Unguentum Hydrargyri  | ñïèñîê Á; â             |
| amidochloridum             | album ïðè êîæíûõ                 | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | çàáîëåâàíèÿõ (ïèîäåðìèè è  | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | äð.)                                       |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðòóòè äèõëîðèä,       | Äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè áåëüÿ,       | Ïîðîøîê; òàáëåòêè  |
| Hydrargyri dichloridum   | ïðåäìåòîâ óõîäà çà              | ïî 0,5 è 1 ã (äëÿ      |
| (ñèíîíèì ñóëåìà)         | áîëüíûì; èíîãäà äëÿ            | ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ        |
|                                     | äåçèíôåêöèè êîæè è ïðè       | ðàñòâîðîâ).             |
|                                     | ëå÷åíèè êîæíûõ                    | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
|                                     | çàáîëåâàíèé (ðàñòâîðû         | À; â õîðîøî            |
|                                     | 1:1000 èëè 2:1000)                 | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðòóòè ìîíîõëîðèä,   | Ïðè ëå÷åíèè çàáîëåâàíèé     | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Hydrargyri                     | ðîãîâèöû è áëåííîðåå (â       | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| monochloridum              | âèäå ìàçåé)                          | Á; â õîðîøî            |
| (ñèíîíèì êàëîìåëü)      |                                             | óêóïîðåííûõ           |
|                                     |                                             | áàíêàõ îðàíæåâîãî  |
|                                     |                                             | ñòåêëà, â                 |
|                                     |                                             | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     |                                             | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðòóòè îêèñü               | Äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ                         | Ïîðîøîê; 2% ìàçü. |
| æåëòàÿ, Hydrargyri       | êîíúþíêòèâèòîâ,                   | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| oxydum flavum             | áëåôàðèòîâ, êåðàòèòîâ è      | Á; â îðàíæåâûõ       |
| (ñèíîíèì ðòóòü             | ïðè êîæíûõ çàáîëåâàíèÿõ     | áàíêàõ, â                |
| îñàäî÷íàÿ æåëòàÿ)       | (ñåáîðåå, ñèêîçå è äð.) â       | çàùèùåííîì îò      |
|                                     | âèäå 2% ìàçè                       | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðòóòè îêñèöèàíèä,   | Äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèé ïðè             | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Hydrargyri oxycyanidum | áëåííîðåå, ãîíîðåå,              | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| (ñèíîíèì ðòóòü             | êîíúþíêòèâèòàõ, öèñòèòàõ    | À; â ñêëÿíêàõ          |
| îêñèöèàíèñòàÿ)            | (ðàñòâîðû 1:5000                  | îðàíæåâîãî ñòåêëà  |
|                                     | èëè 1:10000)                          | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     |                                             | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Êîëëàðãîë,                 | Äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ãíîéíûõ      | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Collargolum (ñèíîíèì    | ðàí (0,2—1% ðàñòâîðû),       | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| ñåðåáðî                       | ìî÷åâîãî ïóçûðÿ è óðåòðû    | Á; â áàíêàõ             |
| êîëëîèäàëüíîå)            | (1—2% ðàñòâîðû), à òàêæå â | îðàíæåâîãî ñòåêëà, |
|                                     | âèäå ãëàçíûõ êàïåëü (2—3— | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     | 5% ðàñòâîðû) ïðè                 | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | êîíúþíêòèâèòàõ è                 |                               |
|                                     | áëåííîðåå. Â äåðìàòîëîãèè  |                                |
|                                     | (ïðè ìÿãêîì øàíêðå,             |                               |
|                                     | ëèìôàíãèèòå, ðîæèñòîì        |                               |
|                                     | âîñïàëåíèè) èíîãäà               |                               |
|                                     | èñïîëüçóþò â âèäå 15%        |                               |
|                                     | ìàçè                                     |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ïðîòàðãîë,                 | Äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ ñëèçèñòûõ   | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Protargolum                  | îáîëî÷åê âåðõíèõ                 | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | äûõàòåëüíûõ ïóòåé (1—5%   | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðû), ïðîìûâàíèÿ         | óêóïîðåííûõ           |
|                                     | ìî÷åâîãî ïóçûðÿ è óðåòðû    | áàíêàõ îðàíæåâîãî  |
|                                     | (1—3% ðàñòâîðû), à òàêæå â | ñòåêëà, â                 |
|                                     | âèäå ãëàçíûõ êàïåëü (1—3% | çàùèùåííîì îò       |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðû) ïðè                       | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | êîíúþíêòèâèòàõ, áëåííîðåå  |                               |
|                                     | è áëåôàðèòàõ                       |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ñåðåáðà íèòðàò,       | Äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ êîæè è        | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Argenti nitras (ñèíîíèì  | ñëèçèñòûõ îáîëî÷åê ïðè        | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| ëÿïèñ)                          | ÿçâàõ, ýðîçèÿõ, òðåùèíàõ     | À; â õîðîøî            |
|                                     | (0,25—2% ðàñòâîðû èëè 1—  | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå,   |
|                                     | 2% ìàçè). Â êà÷åñòâå            | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     | ïðèæèãàþùåãî ñðåäñòâà ïðè | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|                                     | èçáûòî÷íûõ ãðàíóëÿöèÿõ,      |                               |
|                                     | òðåùèíàõ è ò.ï. (2—10%       |                               |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðû)                             |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Öèíêà ñóëüôàò,        | Äëÿ ñìàçûâàíèÿ ñëèçèñòûõ   | Ïîðîøîê; ãëàçíûå   |
| Zinci sulfas                   | îáîëî÷åê ïðè õðîíè÷åñêîì    | êàïëè (0,25% èëè    |
|                                     | ëàðèíãèòå (0,25—0,5%          | 0,5% ðàñòâîð          |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðû) ñïðèíöåâàíèé ïðè | öèíêà ñóëüôàòà è   |
|                                     | âàãèíèòàõ è óðåòðèòàõ (0,1— | 2% êèñëîòû            |
|                                     | 0,5% ðàñòâîðû) è â âèäå       | áîðíîé) ïî 10 ìë     |
|                                     | ãëàçíûõ êàïåëü ïðè               | âî ôëàêîíàõ èëè â  |
|                                     | êîíúþíêòèâèòàõ (0,1—0,25— | òþáèêàõ-                 |
|                                     | 0,5% ðàñòâîðû)                     | êàïåëüíèöàõ 1,5      |
|                                     |                                             | ìë. Õðàíåíèå:         |
|                                     |                                             | ñïèñîê Á; â õîðîøî |
|                                     |                                             | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|                                     | Ôåíîëû                                 |                               |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ðåçîðöèí,                  | Äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ ýêçåìû,            | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Resorcinum                  | ñåáîðåè è äðóãèõ êîæíûõ      | Õðàíåíèå: â            |
|                                     | çàáîëåâàíèé â âèäå 2—5%    | õîðîøî                   |
|                                     | âîäíûõ è ñïèðòîâûõ             | óêóïîðåííûõ           |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðîâ è 5—10—20%       | áàíêàõ îðàíæåâîãî  |
|                                     | ìàçåé                                   | ñòåêëà                    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Òðèñðåçîë,                 | Äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè                  | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Tricresolum                   | ïðåäìåòîâ óõîäà çà              | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
|                                     | áîëüíûì, èíñòðóìåíòîâ è     | Á; â õîðîøî            |
|                                     | ò.ï. (â âèäå 3—5%                | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå,   |
|                                     | ðàñòâîðîâ)                            | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     |                                             | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Ôåíîë ÷èñòûé,          | Äëÿ äåçèíôåêöèè                  | Ïîðîøîê.                |
| Phenolum purum           | èíñòðóìåíòîâ, áåëüÿ,            | Õðàíåíèå: ñïèñîê    |
| (ñèíîíèì êèñëîòà         | âûäåëåíèé, ïðåäìåòîâ          | Á; â õîðîøî            |
| êàðáîëîâàÿ)                 | óõîäà çà áîëüíûì è ò.ï. (3— | óêóïîðåííîé òàðå,   |
|                                     | 5% ðàñòâîðû)                       | â çàùèùåííîì îò    |
|                                     |                                             | ñâåòà ìåñòå            |
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Áèáëèîãð.: Ñàòîñêàð Ð.Ñ. è Áàíäàðêàð Ñ.Ä. Ôàðìàêîëîãèÿ è ôàðìàêîòåðàïèÿ, ïåð. ñ àíãë., ò. 2, ñ. 229, Ì., 1986; Õàðêåâè÷ Ä.À. Ôàðìàêîëîãèÿ, ñ. 399, Ì., 1987
II
Àíòèñåïòè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà
ëåêàðñòâåííûå ïðåïàðàòû, îáëàäàþùèå ïðîòèâîìèêðîáíûì äåéñòâèåì è ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì äëÿ ìåñòíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ íà êîæó è ñëèçèñòûå îáîëî÷êè. Îíè ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ðàçíîîáðàçíû ïî õèìè÷åñêîìó ñòðîåíèþ, ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèì ñâîéñòâàì è ïðîòèâîìèêðîáíîé àêòèâíîñòè. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü À. ñ. çàâèñèò îò ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè ê íèì ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, êîíöåíòðàöèè âåùåñòâà, òåìïåðàòóðû, äëèòåëüíîñòè äåéñòâèÿ è äðóãèõ ôàêòîðîâ.  áîëüøèõ êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ áîëüøèíñòâî À. ñ. ìîãóò òîêñè÷åñêè âîçäåéñòâîâàòü íà îðãàíèçì ÷åëîâåêà.
Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè À. ñ. ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñïèðòîâûå ðàñòâîðû áðèëëèàíòîâîãî çåëåíîãî è éîäà (ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ îáðàáîòêè êîæè ïðè ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ ðàíàõ, öàðàïèíàõ, ññàäèíàõ); ïåðìàíãàíàò êàëèÿ (ìàðãàíöîâîêèñëûé êàëèé), 0,1—0,5% ðàñòâîð êîòîðîãî èñïîëüçóþò äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ðàí, 0,01—0,1% ðàñòâîð — äëÿ ïîëîñêàíèÿ ðòà è ãîðëà, 0,02—0,1% ðàñòâîð — äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèé è ñïðèíöåâàíèé â ãèíåêîëîãè÷åñêîé è óðîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðàêòèêå; 3% ðàñòâîð ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà èñïîëüçóþò äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ãíîéíûõ ðàí. Âîäíûé ðàñòâîð ôóðàöèëèíà 1:5000 ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ ÿçâ, ïðîëåæíåé, ãíîéíûõ ðàí, îæîãîâ II—III ñòåïåíè, äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ãíîéíûõ ïîëîñòåé, ïîëîñêàíèÿ ãîðëà, à òàêæå äëÿ çàêàïûâàíèÿ â ãëàç ïðè êîíúþíêòèâèòå. Ñïèðòîâîé ðàñòâîð ôóðàöèëèíà 1:1500 èñïîëüçóþò äëÿ çàêàïûâàíèÿ â óõî ïðè õðîíè÷åñêîì ãíîéíîì îòèòå. Âîäíûå ðàñòâîðû ýòàêðèäèíà ëàêòàòà (ðèâàíîëà) â êîíöåíòðàöèÿõ 0,05—0,2% èñïîëüçóþò äëÿ îáðàáîòêè è ëå÷åíèÿ èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ðàí è ïðîìûâàíèÿ ïîëîñòåé òåëà; 0,1—0,2% ðàñòâîðû ýòîãî ïðåïàðàòà ïðèìåíÿþò â âèäå ïðèìî÷åê ïðè ôóðóíêóëàõ, êàðáóíêóëàõ è àáñöåññàõ, à 0,1% ðàñòâîð èñïîëüçóþò â êà÷åñòâå ãëàçíûõ êàïåëü è äëÿ ïîëîñêàíèÿ ïðè âîñïàëèòåëüíûõ çàáîëåâàíèÿõ ñëèçèñòîé îáîëî÷êè ðòà è çåâà. Äëÿ ïîëîñêàíèé ïîëîñòè ðòà, çåâà, äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèé ãëàç ïðèìåíÿþò òàêæå 2—4% âîäíûé ðàñòâîð áîðíîé êèñëîòû. Äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ìèíäàëèí ïðè õðîíè÷åñêîì òîíçèëëèòå, çàêàïûâàíèÿ â óõî ïðè ãíîéíîì îòèòå èñïîëüçóþò éîäèíîë. Ñîâðåìåííûìè âûñîêîàêòèâíûìè àíòèñåïòè÷åñêèìè ñðåäñòâàìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ éîäîïèðîí è õëîðãåêñèäèí. Éîäîïèðîí â âèäå 0,5—1% ðàñòâîðà ïðèìåíÿþò ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ ãíîéíûõ çàáîëåâàíèÿõ êîæè; äëÿ îáðàáîòêè êîæíîãî ïîêðîâà èñïîëüçóþò 0,5% âîäíî-ñïèðòîâîé ðàñòâîð õëîðãåêñèäèíà, äëÿ îáðàáîòêè ðàí, ÿçâ è ïðîëåæíåé — 0,05% ðàñòâîð, äëÿ ïðîìûâàíèÿ ìî÷åèñïóñêàòåëüíîãî êàíàëà ïðèìåíÿþò 0,02% ðàñòâîð.
III
Àíòèñåïòè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà (antiseptica; ñèí. àíòèñåïòèêè)
ëåêàðñòâåííûå ñðåäñòâà, îáëàäàþùèå ïðîòèâîìèêðîáíîé àêòèâíîñòüþ è ïðèìåíÿåìûå, ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì, íàðóæíî (ãàëîãåíû, êèñëîòû è äð.).
Åñëè âû æåëàåòå áëåñíóòü çíàíèÿìè â áåñåäå èëè ïðèâåñòè àðãóìåíò â ñïîðå, òî ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ññûëêó:

áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ÀÍÒÈÑÅÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ


áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü òàê: ×òî òàêîå ÀÍÒÈÑÅÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ